Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
Download 7.79 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
8boshsinfmatematikapdf
Sonli ifodalar ustida ishlash metodikasi
S o n li ifo d a la rg a : a ) h a r b ir so n s o n li ifo d a ; b ) a g a r a v a b so n li ifo d a la r b o ‘Isa, u h o ld a u la rn in g a y irm a s i, y i g ‘in d is i, k o ‘p a y tm a s i v a b o ‘lin m a s i h a m s o n li ifo d a b o ‘lad i. M a s a la n , 3 0 :5 + 4 -6 -2 s o n li ifo d a , b u n d a k o ‘rs a tilg a n a m a lla r b a- ja r i ls a , b u so n so n li ifo d a n in g q iy m a ti b o ‘ladi. E n g s o d d a so n li if o d a la r n in g y ig N n d isi v a a y irm a s i b ila n o ‘q u v c h ila r 1 -sin fd a ta n is h a d ila r. 3 + 2 = 5 k o ‘r in is h d a g i ifo d a 3 va 2 q o ‘s h ilu v c h i, 5 y ig N n d i y o k i so n li if o d a n in g q iy m a ti d e b tu s h u n tirila d i. 2 -s in fd a , a s o s a n a m a lla r ta rtib i q o id a la ri o ‘rg a n ila d i. U m u r a k k a b ifo d a la r, d e b y u ritila d i. a ) o ld in q a v s la r s iz ifo d a la rd a a m a lla r n in g b a ja r a lis h ta rtib i q a ra - la d i, b u h o ld a s o n la r u s tid a fa q a t I y o k i II b o s q ic h a m a lla ri b a ja rila d i. M a sa la n , 4 2 -1 8 + 9 , 63:9-4 ifo d alard ag i a m a lla r y o zilish ta rtib id a b ajarilish in i b ila d ila r, q iy m a tin i h iso b lab , uni o ‘q iy o lish n i tu sh u n ad ilar. b ) sh u n d a n k e y in 1 -, 2 - b o s q ic h a m a lla rin i o ‘z ic h ig a o lg a n v a q a v s la r s iz a m a lla m i b a ja r is h g a o ‘tila d i. M a s a la n , 3 - 4 + 1 2 , 4 0 - 1 5 :3 m is o lla rd a g i a m a lla rn in g b a ja ra lis h ta rtib in i o ‘r g a n a d ila r v a h is o b la y d ila r. B u y e r d a m is o l o rq a li a m a l- la rn i b a ja ris h t o ‘g ‘r is id a m u a m m o li v a z iy a t h o sil q ilin a d i. d ) sh u n d a n k e y in 2 5 + ( 4 0 - 1 5 ) , ( 8 5 - 3 0 ) :5 k a b i q a v s la r q a tn a s h - g a n if o d a la m i h is o b la s h g a o ‘ta d ila r. H is o b la s h q o id a s in i k e ltirib 227 c h iq a ra d ila r. 0 ‘tilg a n m a te ria l ni m u s ta h k a m la s h m a q s a d id a q u y id a g i to p s h iriq la r b erila d i: 1. A m a lla m i b a ja ris h ta rtib in i tu s h u n tirin g v a ifo d a la rn in g q iy m a tin i to p in g : 65+ 21 : 3 2 . Ifo d a la rn in g q iy m a tin i q u la y u s u l b ila n to p in g : 7 0 -(2 0 + 6 ), 4 8 + (3 0 + 4 ) , (4 0 9 )-( 10 + 7) 3. M is o lla rd a a m a lla r t o ‘g ‘r i b a ja r ilg a n in i y o z in g : 3 0 + 2 6 :5 = 1 0 8 -3 + 16:4 = 2 8 3 0 + 2 0 :5 = 3 4 8 - 3 + 1 6 :4 = 10 4. Q a v s la m i v a a m a lla m i sh u n d a y q o ‘y in g k i, te n g lik la r t o ‘g ‘ri boM sin: 1 5 - 6 - 2 = 1 8 4 -8 -5 = 12 6 5 - 1 0 -5 = 5 0 1 2 + 2 4 :4 = 9 N ih o y a t ifo d a n i a lm a s h tir is h tu s h u n c h a s i b e r ila d i. B e rilg a n ifo d a n i b o s h q a b e rilg a n ifo d a q iy m a tig a te n g b o N g a n ifo d a b ila n a l m a s h tiris h d e m a k d ir. M a s a la n , 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 -3 2 6 + 7 0 = (2 0 + 6 )+ 7 0 = ( 2 0 + 7 0 )+ 6 = 9 0 + 6 = 9 6 Harfiy ifodalar M a te m a tik a d a s tu rig a b in o a n h a rfiy ifo d a la r 1 -sin fd a n b o s h la b k iritila d i. B u y e r d a o ‘q u v c h ila r a + x = b x + c = a k o ‘rin is h d a g i te n g la m a la m i y e c h is h d a v a m a s a la la m i te n g la m a la r y o r d a m id a y e c h is h d a , n o m a ’lu m so n n i b e lg ila s h u c h u n s im v o l s if a tid a ish la ti- la d ig a n x h a rfi b ila n ta n is h a d ila r 2 - s in fd a x h a r f o ‘z g a ru v c h in i b e lg ila y d ig a n s im v o l s if a tid a k iritila d i. B u b o s h la n g ‘ ic h s in fla rd a n o q o ‘z g a ru v c h i tu s h u n c h a s in i s h a k lla n tir is h v a b o la la m i s im v o lla m in g m a te m a tik tild a if o d a q ilis h im k o n in i b e ra d i. H a rfn in g o ‘z g a ru v c h in i b e lg ila s h u c h u n s im v o l s iftid a g i m a ’n o sin i o c h ib .b e ris h g a ta y y o rg a rlik ish i 2 -s in fd a o ‘q u v y ilin in g b o s h id a q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h a m a lla rin i ta k ro rla s h m u n o s a b a ti b ila n o ‘tk a z ila d i. H a rfla rn in g k iritilis h i b ila n b ir v a q td a ta y y o rg a rlik d a v rid a , b o la la r y a n g i a ta m a la r: « m a te m a tik ifo d a » v a « m a te m a tik ifo d a n in g q iy m a ti» b ila n t a ’r ifs iz ta n is h a d ila r. B u d a v r d a y ig ‘in d i v a q o ld iq n i to p is h g a d o ir b ir x il m a z m u n d a g i s o d d a a r ifm e tik m a s a la la m i y e c h is h b o ‘y ic h a is h o lib b o rila d i. 228 Bilimlarni umumlashtirishda harfiy simvolikadan foydalanish 0 ‘q u v c h ila r h a rf iy s im v o lik a n in g m a ’n o sin i tu s h u n ib o lg a n la r i- d a n s o ‘n g h a rfi a m i is h la tis h d a s h a k lla n a y o tg a n b ilim la rn i u m u m - la s h tiris h v o s ita s i s ifa tid a f o y d a la n is h .m u m k in . 1. A rifm e tik a m a lla rn in g x o s s a la rin i, a rif m e tik a m a lla r n in g k o m p o n e n tla ri h a m m a n a tija la ri o r a s id a g i b o g ‘ !a n ish n i v a h .k . la m i h a r f la r y o rd a m id a y o z is h d a o ‘q u v c h ila r a + a + a + a y ig ‘ in d is in i 4 a k o ‘p a y tm a b ila n a lm a s h tira d i v a b u n d a y m u lo h a z a y u r ita d ila r : b u y e r d a q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila r b ir x il (a ), d e m a k y i g ‘in d in i k o lp a y tm a b ila n a lm a s h tir is h m u m k in , b irin c h i k o ‘p a y tu v c h i a , ik k in c h i k o ‘p a y tu v c h i 4 s o n i b o ‘ la d i, c h u n k i q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila r 4 ta. 2. A rif m e tik a m a lla rn in g h a rf la r y o rd a m id a y o z ilg a n x o s s a la r in i, b o g ‘ la n is h la rin i, m u n o s a b a tla rin i v a h o k a z o la rn i o ‘q ish . M a s a la n , « ( a + 3 5 ) - a » ifo d a n i o ‘q in g v a u n in g n im a g a te n g e k a n lig in i to p in g . 0 ‘q u v c h ila r q u y id a g ic h a m u lo h a z a y u rita d ila r: « a v a 35 s o n la m in g y ig l in d is id a n b irin c h i q o ‘s h ilu v c h i a ni a y iris h k e ra k , ik k in c h i q o ‘s h ilu v c h i 3 5 h o s il b o ‘la d i» . Y o z a m iz : (a + 3 5 )-a = 3 5 3. A rifm e tik a m a lla r n in g x o s s a la r in i b ilis h a s o s id a if o d a la m i a y n iy a lm a s h tiris h . M a sa la n , (5 +b)-3 = (5 + b )+ (5 + b )+ (5 + b ) y o z u v n i tu g a lla n g , d e g a n d a to p sh iriq n i b a ja ra y o tg a n d a o ‘q u v c h ila r q u y id a g ic h a m u lo h a z a y u rita d ilar: « te n g lik n in g c h a p to m o n id a g i 5 v a b so n la rin in g y ig ‘in d isin i 3 g a k o ‘p ay tiram iz : o ‘n g to m o n d a n q a n c h a h o sil b o ‘lsa, c h a p to m o n d a h a m sh u n c h a h osil b o ‘lishi u c h u n 5 ni 3 g a k o ‘p ay tirib v a ikkinchi q o ‘sh ilu v ch i b ni 3 ga k o ‘p ay tirib , n a tija la m i q o ‘s h ish kerak. 4 . B e rilg a n te n g lik y o k i te n g s iz lik la m i s o n li q iy m a tla rin i o ‘m ig a q o ‘y is h y o rd a m id a h o sil q ilis h m u m k in . 5 ( 2 a + b ) = 1 0 a + 5 b te n g lik n i a = 3 , b = 5 d a te k s h irin g : 5 (2 -3 + 5 )= = 5 (6 + 5 ) = 5 ... = 5 5 , 10-3 + 5-5 = 3 0 + 25 = 55 H a rfiy s im v o lla rn i k iritis h n in g 2 - b o s q ic h id a s o n li ifo d a n i h a rf la r b ila n a lm a s h tiris h m a s a la s i tu ra d i. S h u u s u ld a s o n li ifo d a h a rfiy ifo d a g a a lm a s h tirila d i. H a rfiy if o d a n in g q iy m a tin i h is o b la s h 3 b o s q ic h g a boM inadi: 1 . p i d i n h a rf iy ifo d a o lin ib , h a r fla rn in g o ‘m ig a s o n la r q o ‘y is h a + b n i a = 5, b = 2 0 ; a = 13, b = 8 d a h is o b la n g . 229 2. O ld in h a r f la r v a h a rfiy ifo d a la r o lin ib , o ‘q u v c h ila m in g o ‘z la ri ja d v a ld a q iy m a tla r b e rib , n a tija s in i to p a d ila r. 3. M a s a la n in g sh a rtig a h a rf la r k iritib , u n in g o ‘m ig a q iy m a tla r b e r ib h iso b la sh . M a s a la n , g a ra jd a a m a s h in a b o r e d i, y a n a s m a s h in a k eld i. Q a n c h a m a s h in a b o ‘ld i? a + s. a = 2 0 , s = 5 ; a = 1 0 , s = 5 0 ; ..... Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling