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2 - § . O g ‘z a k i h i s o b l a s h m a l a k a l a r i n i s h a k l l a n t i r i s h
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2 2 - § . O g ‘z a k i h i s o b l a s h m a l a k a l a r i n i s h a k l l a n t i r i s h
t e x n o l o g i y a s i d a n f o y d a l a n i s h m e t o d l a r i B o sh lan g M ch s in f la rd a o ‘q u v c h ila r o g ‘z a k i h is o b la s h b ilim in i s h a k lla n tiris h h o z irg i z a m o n o ‘q itis h m e to d ik a s id a y a n g i te x n o lo g i- y a n i jo r iy e tis h n i a s o s iy m a s a la q ilib q o 'y m o q d a . L o tin y o z u v ig a a s o s la n g a n m a te m a tik a d a rs lik la rim iz d a , a y n iq s a , y u z ic h id a , m in g ic h id a a rif m e tik a m a lla r b a ja r is h ja ra y o n i o lq u v c h ila m in g fik rla sh q o b iliy a tla rin i o ‘s tira d ig a n , ijo d iy q o b iliy a tin i a n iq la y d ig a n , yigM n d id a n k o ‘p a y tm a g a oM ish q o id a s i, k o ‘p a y tm a , b o M in m a tu s h u n - c h a la ri, u la m in g k o m p o n e n tla ri o r a s id a g i m u n o s a b a tla rin i m u k a m - , m a l o ‘z la s h tiris h n i ta la b e ta d ik i, b u y u q o ri s i n f m a te m a tik a fa n id a n o la d ig a n b ilim in i m u s ta h k a m la s h a s o s i boM sin. B o sh lan g M c h s in fla rd a e n g q u la y u su l b ila n h is o b la s h m a s a la s i a rif m e tik a m a lla r b a- ja r i s h n in g a s o s iy ta y a n c h i boM ib h is o b la n a d i. 0 ‘q itu v c h i d a rs lik d a g i m a te ria lla r b ila n c h e k la n ib q o lm a s d a n , b a lk i ijo d iy fik rla y d ig a n m a - te ria lla r b ila n d a rsn i b o y itis h m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq d ir. M a s a la n , 10, 223 100 , 1000 ic h id a k o ‘p a y tir is h n in g tu rli k o ‘rin is h la rid a n fo y d a la n is h o ‘q u v c h ila m in g q iz iq is h in i o sh ira d i. 6 8 x 5 = (3 4 x 2 )x 5 = 3 4 x ( 2 x 5 ) = 3 4 x 1 0 = 3 4 0 6 8 x 5 0 = 3 4 x 1 0 0 = 3 4 0 0 Q o ‘s h is h n in g d is tre b u te v lik q o n u n ig a k o ‘ra: 1 7 x 5 0 = (1 6 + 1 ) x 5 0 = 16x50+ 1 x 5 0 = 8 0 0 + 5 0 = 8 5 0 S o n la m i b o N ish te x n ik a s ig a k o ‘ra: 1 3 5 :5 = ( 1 3 5 x 2 ) : (5 x 2 ) = 2 7 0 :1 0 = 2 7 2 2 5 0 :5 0 = 4 5 0 0 :1 0 0 = 4 5 O lq u v c h ila r d iq q a tin i s h u n g a ja lb e tis h z a r u rk i, o g ‘z a k i v a y o z m a k o ‘p a y tiris h o d d iy o d a t bo N ib q o lis h in i o ‘q itu v c h i n a z o r a t q il- ish i k e ra k . 2 4 x 2 5 = (6 x 4 ) x 2 5 = 6 x (4 x 2 5 ) = 6 x 1 0 0 = 6 0 0 B u n d a im k o n b o r ic h a q is q a h o la t ta n la s h g a in tilis h z a ru r: 2 4 x 2 5 = (2 4 :4 ) x (2 5 x 4 ) = 6 x 1 0 0 = 6 0 0 K o ‘p a y tir is h n in g q a v s la rd a n f o y d a la n is h h o la tla ri j u d a h a m q iz iq a rlid ir: 3 7 x 2 5 = ( 3 6 + 1) x 2 5 = 3 6 x 2 5 + 2 5 x 1 = 9 0 0 + 2 5 = 9 2 5 3 5 x 2 5 = (3 6 - 1 ) х 2 5 = 3 6 х 2 5 -1 x 2 5 = 9 0 0 -2 5 = 8 7 5 3 8 x 2 5 = (3 6 + 2 ) x 2 5 = 3 6 x 2 5 + 2 x 2 5 = 9 0 0 + 5 0 = 9 5 0 25 g a k o ‘p a y tir is h n in g o g ‘z a k i u su lin i 2 4 v a 2 6 g a k o ‘p a y ti- rish n i (2 5 -1 ) v a (2 5 + 1 ) ifo d a b ila n a lm a s h tir is h m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq d ir ( b u c h o r a k ,b o ‘la k , u lu s h la r tu s h u n c h a s in i o N g a n d a z a ru r b o N ad i). M a s a la n : 3 6 x 2 6 = 3 6 (2 5 + 1 )= 3 6 x 2 5 + 3 6 x 1 = 9 0 0 + 3 6 = 9 3 6 3 6 x 2 4 = 3 6 (2 5 -1 )= 3 6 x 2 5 -3 6 x 1 = 9 0 0 -3 6 = 8 6 4 25 g a b o N ish e s a , 5 g a b o N ish q o id a s id e k b a ja rila d i. Y u q o rid a g i h is o b la s h la rg a te s k a r i h is o b la s h la m i b a ja r is h b ila n m u s ta h k a m - la y m iz . B o N u v c h in i 2 g a , 4 g a ik k i m a rta la b k o lp a y tir is h b o N g a n h o lla r u c h u n x o n a la m i n o lla r b ila n to N d irish q o id a la r ig a a s o s la n a d i: 2 2 5 :2 5 = (2 2 5 x 2 )x 2 = 2 2 5 x 4 = 9 0 0 224 A g a r 9 ,9 9 v a 9 9 9 g a k o ‘p a y tiris h k e r a k b o ‘lsa , u h o ld a e n g q u la y u s u ld a h is o b la s h q o id a s ig a k o ‘r a ( 10 - 1 ), ( 100 - 1 ), ( 1000 - 1 ) k o ‘r in is h la r d a d is tre b u te v lik q o n u n ig a k o ‘ra: 6 7 8 x 9 = 6 7 8 x ( 1 0 -1 ) = 6 7 8 0 -6 7 8 = 6 1 0 2 5 7 7 x 9 9 = 5 7 7 ( 1 0 0 -1 ) = 5 7 7 0 0 - 5 7 7 = 5 7 123 3 4 x 9 9 9 = 3 4 ( 1 0 0 0 -1 ) = 3 4 0 0 0 -3 4 = 3 3 9 6 6 2 - s in f d a (1 4 x 1 5 ) k o ‘p a y tiris h q o id a si 14 x 15= 14 ( 1 0 + 5 )= 14 0 x 1 4 x 5 = 1 4 0 + 7 0 = 2 1 0 B u n i d a rh o l h is o b la s h g a s h o s h ilm a s d a n b a ja ris h z a ru r, c h u n k i 14 x 15 = 1 4 x 1 0 + 1 4 x 5 = (1 4 + 7 )x 1 0 = 2 1 x 1 0 = 2 1 0 k o ‘rin is h d a h is o b la s h n i b a ja r is h n i u n u tm a s lik k e ra k . A g a r 2 3 x 1 5 b o ‘lsa 2 3 x 1 5 = ( 2 2 + 1 )x 15 = 2 2 x 1 5 + 1 x 1 5 = 3 3 0 + 1 5 = 3 4 5 S h u n in g d e k , 14 v a 16 g a k o ‘p a y tiris h n i (1 5 + 1 ) v a (1 5 -1 ) if o d a g a a lm a s h tir is h m u m k in . 66 x 14 = 6 6 x ( 1 5 -1 ) = 66 x 1 5 - 6 6 = 9 9 0 - 6 6 = 9 2 4 6 2 x 16 = 6 2 ( 15+1 )= 6 2 x 15+ 15x1 = 9 3 0 + 6 2 = 9 9 2 61 x 6 9 = 6 ( 6 + 1 )x 100+1 x 9 = 4 2 0 0 + 9 = 4 2 0 9 2 4 3 x 2 4 7 = 2 4 x 2 5 x 1 0 0 + 3 x 7 = 6 0 0 0 0 + 2 1 = 6 0 0 2 1 B u n d a y u s u lla rd a g i h is o b la s h la m i b a ja r is h o ‘q u v c h ila m i a r if m e tik a m a lla r b a ja r is h d a h is o b la s h la rin i m u s ta h k a m la y d i. H is o b la s h m a la k a v a k o ‘n ik m a la m i s h a k lla n tir is h te x n o lo g i- y a s ig a a s o s b o ‘la d i. N a z o r a t u c h u n s a v o l l a r 1 . “ 10 ic h id a q o ‘s h is h v a a y iris h ” m a v z u s id a g i d a rs b o ‘la g in i is h la b c h iq in g . 2 . “ 100 ic h id a q o ‘sh is h v a a y iris h ” m a v z u s id a g i d a rs boM agini is h la b c h iq in g . 3. “ m in g v a k o ‘p x o n a li s o n la r u s tid a a r ifm e tik a m a lla r ” m a v z u s id a g i d a rs b o ‘la g in i is h la b c h iq in g . 225 |
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