Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
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III. Ко 'paytirish va bo ‘lish jadvali bilan ishlash.
J a d v a ld a k o ‘p a y tiris h v a b o N ish m a te m a tik a o ‘q itis h n in g m u h im v a z if a la r id a n b irid ir. J a d v a l a s o s a n , 1 -sin fd a tu z ilib , 3 - v a 4 -s in f la rd a m in g lik Va k o ‘p x o n a li s o n la rg a ta tb iq q ilin a d i. Ja d v a ln i tu z is h q u y i d a g i re ja a s o s id a o lib b o rila d i: 1) B ir x il k o 'r in i s h la m i q o ‘sh is h . M a s a la n : 5-3 = 5 + 5 + 5 = 1 5 . 2 ) N a m u n a m is o l a s o s id a b o s h q a k o ‘p a y tir is h la m i b a ja ris h . M a sa la n : 2 -3 = 6 , 2-4 n i to p in g . U n i 2 -3 + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8 k o ‘r in is h id a h is o b la s h o ‘rg a tila d i. 3) K o ‘p a y tir is h n in g q o ‘s h is h g a n is b a ta n ta q s im o t x o s s a s id a n fo y d a la n is h . 4 ) K o ‘p a y tiris h n in g o ‘rin a lm a s h tiris h x o s s a s id a n f o y d a la n is h . 3-7=7-3 0 ‘z g a n n a s s o n g a k o 'p a y tiris h v a boM ish ja d v a li q u y id a g ic h a tu z ila d i. M a s a la n : 4 -4 = 1 6 , 4 5 = 2 0 , 4 -6 = 2 4 , 4 -7 = 2 8 , 4 -8 = 3 2 , 4 -9 = 3 6 y o n id a n 5-4, 6-4, 7-4, 8-4, 9-4 ni h is o b la s h to p s h irila d i: 16:4 = , 2 0 : 4 = , 2 4 :4 = , 2 8 :4 = , 3 2 :4 = , 3 6 : 4 = , y o n id a n 2 5 :5 , 2 4 :6 , 2 8 :7 , 3 2 :8 , 3 6 :9 to p s h iriq la ri b e rila d i. T u s h u n tir is h d a b u y u m la rn in g ra s m la ri, s o n li fig u ra la r, k v .s m , k v .d m , k a r to n d a n q irq ilg a n u c h b u rc h a k la rd a n f o y d a la n is h k e ra k . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 214 K o ‘p a y tiris h ja d v a lin i tu z is h u c h u n 10 x 10 ta k a ta k o lin a d i v a uni o ‘tk a z is h d a t o ‘g ‘ri to ‘rtb u rc h a k d a n f o y d a la n is h m u m k in . IV. Jadval bilan ко ‘paytirish va bo ‘lishni о ‘rgatish 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 + + 3 + + 4 + + 5 + + 6 + + 7 + + 8 +-+ + + + + + + + + 9 10 K o ‘p a y tiris h ja d v a lin i m u s ta h k a m e s d a s a q la s h u c h u n q u y id a g i ja d v a ln i y o d d a b ilis h ta la b q ilin a d i. 2 - 3 y o z ilm a y d i, c h u n k i u o ld in g i ja d v a ld a b o r. K o ‘p a y tir is h n in g o ‘rin a lm a s h tir is h x o s s a s in i b ilis h y e ta rlid ir. 2-2 3-2 3-3 4-2 4-3 4-4 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 7-2 7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-6 7-7 8-7 8-8 9-7 9-8 9-9 K o ‘p a y tiris h v a boM ish ja d v a lla r i tu z ilg a n d a n k e y in n o l b ila n k o 'p a y ti r is h v a b o 'lis h h o lla ri q a ra la d i. M a s a la n , 0 -5 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 , u m u m a n 0 -6 = 0 q o id a la ri k e lib c h iq a d i. B u n d a 0 :5 = 0 v a 0 :a q o id a la ri k e lib c h iq a d i. V. Jadvaldan tashqari ко ‘paytirish va bo ‘lish B u q u y id a g i ta rtib d a tu s h u n tirila d i. 1. S o n n i y ig M n d ig a v a yig M n d ig a n is b a ta n ta q s im o t q o n u n in i o 'r g a n g a n d a n k e y in yigM ndini s o n g a b o 'l i s h x o ssa si q a ra la d i. M a s a la n , (3 + 2 )-4 ni tu s h u n tiris h u c h u n d o ira c h a la r d a n fo y d a la n ish m u m k in . (3 + 2 )-4 -4 -5 = 2 0 y o k i (3 + 2 )-4 = 3 -4 + 2 -4 = 1 2 + 8 = 2 0 k o 'r in i- s h id a h is o b la b c h iq ila d i. 215 S h u ra s m n in g o ‘z id a n yigM ndini s o n g a boM ish q o id a s i k e ltirib c h iq a rila d i. B u n g a 12 v a 8 s o n id a n yig M n d isin i 4 g a boM ish h a m ik k i x il u su l b ila n b e rila d i: ( 1 2 + 8 ):4 = 1 2 :4 + 8 :4 = 3 + 2 = 5 2 4 :4 = 6 b u n d a y a n a q u y id a g i k v a d r a tc h a la r b ila n b e rilg a n m a s h q a la rn i h a m b a ja rtiris h m u m k in . M a sa la n , (7 + 5 ) -4= ... • .. . + ... • . . . . , 2 ( 1 0 + 6 ) = .. • . . . + ... • .. . , 8-5 + 7-5 = (... + . . . ) • . . . , 6-3 + 4-3 = (6 + 4 ) -3. 2. J a d v a ld a n ta s h q a ri k o ‘p a y tiris h v a boM ishda e n g a v v a lo nol b ila n tu g a y d ig a n s o n la rd a n fo y d a la n is h m a q s a d g a m u v o f iq d ir. M a sa la n , S h u n d a n k e y in 2 x o n a li s o n g a k o ‘p a y tir is h d a u n i o ‘n lik v a b ir lik la rg a a jra tib k o ‘p a y tiris h h o li q a r a la d i. M a s a la n , 1 2 3 = (1 0 2 )-3 ; 10-3; 2-3 3 0 + 6 = 36. K o ‘r g a z m a li tu s h u n tiris h u c h u n 12 ta d a n k v a d ra t boM gan 3 ta ta s m a o lib h is o b la n a d i. B ir x o n a li so n n i 2 x o n a li s o n g a k o ‘p a y tiris h h o la ti q a ra b c h iq ila d i: 3 -1 5 = 3 -(1 0 + 5 )= 3 -1 0 + 3 -5 = 3 0 + 1 5 = 4 5 v a 3 -1 5 = 1 5 -3 m is o l- lari tu s h u n tirila d i. B oM ishni q a ra y o tg a n d a h a m e n g a v v a l, ik k i x o n a li s o n n i o ‘n lik v a b ir lik la r g a a jra tib , ta q s im o t q o n u n id a n fo y d a la n ib tu s h u n tirila d i. M a s a la n , 4 8 :4 = (4 0 + 8 ):4 = 4 0 :4 + 8 :4 = 1 0 + 2 = 12. Ik k i x o n a li so n n i ik k i x o n a li s o n g a boM ish h a m ja d v a ld a n ta s h q a ri boM ish h is o b ig a k ira d i. M a s a la n , 8 7 :2 9 m is o ln i y e c h is h d a 2 9 ni n e c h a g a k o ‘p a y tir g a n d a 8 7 k e lib c h iq a d i, d e g a n s a v o l q o ‘y ila d i. U n d a 2 9 :1 = 2 9 , 2 9 -2 = 5 8 , 2 9 -3 = 8 7 d e b , 8 7 :2 9 = 3 k e ltirib c h iq a ra d ila r. 3. J a d v a ld a q o ld iq li boM ish. B u m a v z u 3 -s in fd a q u y id a g i ta rtib d a o lib b o rila d i: a) Q o ld iq li boM ish m is o lla r y o r d a m id a tu s h u n tirila d i. M a s a la n , 12 ta d a f ta m i 2 o ‘q u v c h ig a boM ib b e ris h to p s h irila d i: 1 2 :2 = 6 d e b d o s k a g a y o z ilg a n d a n k e y in , 13 ta d a f ta m i 2 o ‘q u v c h ig a boM ib b e ris h to p s h irila d i, b u n d a 1 ta d a fta r o r tiq c h a boM ib q o lg a n lig i k o ‘rin a d i. 1 3 :2 = 6 (q o ld iq 1 ) d e g a n y o z u v n i o ‘rg a ta d i. 20-4 2 o ‘n lik • 4 = 8 o ‘n lik 2 0-4 = 80 9 0 :3 9 o ‘n lik : 3 = 3 o ‘n lik 9 0 :3 = 3 0 216 b ) 0 ‘q u v c h ila rg a b o N ish d a n c h iq q a n q o ld iq b o M u v ch id an k ic h ik boM ishi k e r a k d e g a n q o id a o ‘rg a tila d i. M a s a la n , 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 s o n la m i 2, 3 , 4 g a k e tm a - k e t b o ‘lis h d a h o sil b o i a d i g a n q o l- d iq la m i к о ‘rg a z m a li ja d v a l b ila n tu s h u n tirila d i. B u n d a m is o l s ifa tid a 2 < 4 , 1 < 4 , 3 < 4 y o z u v la m i tu sh u n tira d i. D a rs lik d a q u y id a g i m is o lla r b o r: 18:3, 2 8 :7 , 19:3, 2 9 : 7 , . . m is o l la rn i is h la b o ‘q u v c h ila r q a y s i b iri q o ld iq li, q a y s i b iri q o ld iq s iz b oM in ish i h a q id a m a ’lu m o tg a e g a b o ‘la d ila r. O x irid a q o ld iq li bo M ish d a ta x m in q ilib boM ish v a q o ld iq n i a n iq la s h to ‘g ‘r is id a tu - s h u n c h a b e rila d i. M a s a la n , 4 7 :5 ni h is o b la s h d a 47 g a y a q in q a y s i so n 5 g a b o M in a d i? 4 5 d e y ila d i, d e m a k 4 5 :5 = 9. Y a n a n e c h a b ir lik q o ld i? 2 b irlik , u h o ld a 4 7 :5 = 9 (q o ld iq 2 ) d e b o ‘rg a tila d i. Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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