British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), a great mathematician and physicist, and Ale-
xander Fleming (1881-1955), the discoverer of penicillin. Both were edu- cated at the University of Edinburgh. § 5. Political Preferences and National Parties ; 1. What's the attitude of ; Scottish national feeling has continued : Scots towards independ- : to grow since 1945. In the late 1960s the Scot- • ence? • tish National Party (SNP) began to attract • •_• serious support, and in 1974 won eleven of Scotland's seventy-one seats. In 1979 the Scottish electorate failed to vote decisively for devolution, 32.9 per cent in favour (less than the required 40 per cent), 30.8 per cent against. As a result of Conservative government policy in the 1980s Scottish devolution is likely to take place. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was strongly hostile to devolution, unlike her predecessor, Edward Heath, who had proposed devolution to Scottish Conservatives in 1968. Heath had reco- gnised the significance of Scottish feeling. In 1988 one opinion poll reported that 35 per cent of Scots wanted full independence. 42 per cent wanted a Scottish Parliament within Britain, and only 20 per cent wanted things to remain unchanged. By 1992 another poll indicated that 50 per cent wanted independence, but it remained unclear whether this was a gesture of protest at an unrepre- sentative government in London, or indicated a genuine move towards inde- pendence. In 1989 fifty Scottish Labour and Liberal Democrat MPs, leading Scot- tish churchmen and other community leaders met. significantly, in the Church of Scotland's General Assembly buildings in Edinburgh. Here they unanimously signed a 'Claim of Right': 'We, gathered as the Scottish Constitutional Con- 3 7 vention, do hereby acknowledge the. sovereign right of the Scottish people to determine die form of government best suited to their needs, and do hereby declare and pledge that in all our actions and deliberations their interests shall be paramount. We furtlier declare and pledge that our actions and delibera- tions shall be directed to the following ends. To agree a scheme for an Assem- bly or Parliament for Scotland; to mobilise Scottish opinion and ensure the approval of the Scottish people for that scheme; and to assert the right of the Scottish people to secure the implementation of that scheme.' 2. What influence can Scotland have on consti- tutional development of Great Britain? At a later meeting, a majority of the Scot- tish Labour Party voted in favour of the intro- duction of proportional representation. What happens in Scotland promises to be of consti- tutional significance for the rest of Britain. If proportional representation is used as the method of election, this is likely to influence more British (not only Scot- tish) Labour MPs to favour PR for the whole of the United Kingdom. Finally, there is one more possible influence that Scotland may have on constitutional development. The basis of the English Constitution is the un- limited sovereignty and. legal powers of the Crown in Parliament. This was the result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, before the formal 1707 union with Scotland. In Scotland sovereignty resided in the community, in the will of the people. This was the great secular and democratic achievement of the Kirk. The Scots have never been as fond of the Crown as the English have. If die British people decide they need a Bill of Rights, it is possible that Scotland's constitutional view may prove as influential as the English one of the Crown in Parliament. The latest opinion polls have shown the dominance of national idea in Scotland. The new Scottish parliament, the design and structure of which is supposed to be a replica of the British Parliament in London, is to be sum- moned in the nearest future. Q u e s t i o n s : 1. How strong is Scottish national feeling? 2. Why do you think many Scots resent the concentration of political power in London? Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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