British Society Британское общество ж national Entity and Differences
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British Society Британское общество by Болдак И А , Валько О В z
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- The W e l s h E i s t e d d f o d a u
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., _ , T a . 5 r • г л. «' l u i separate subtamih of the Indo-European fami- lties of the Welsh lan- . , - , . 0 Iv of languages and is as unlike English as guage/ ° ; English is unlike Italian or Belorusian.In its present form it has a highly developed sys tem of verb forms. Its nouns, however, have only one case. The sound system of the Welsh language also differs considerably from that of English. In pronouncing Welsh names Englishmen usually replace the Welsh vowels or consonants by similar English ones. The writing system is simpler than that of English because, with few exceptions, a letter or group of letters always corresponds to the same sound and a sound is always expressed by the same letter or group of letters. Although not many Welsh words are well-known in England, the word 'eisteddfod' is understood by almost everybody. This is the Welsh name for an competition where people meet to dance, sing and read poems. (The 800-year old National Eisteddfodd, a festival of Welsh music and poetry dating from the 12 th century, is held each year with official help.) Usually, only Welsh is spoken and in recent years they have attracted people who wish to protest against the influence of English on the Welsh language and culture. : 5. What cultural divide : The survival of the Welsh language is a • can be found in Wales? good deal more important than it may initially seem, for it is the most notable way in which the Welsh keep their special identity. The cultural divide between Anglo- Welsh and Welsh Wales a century ago has been replaced by new divides [by David McDowall]: 1. 'Welsh-speaking Wales', those parts of Western Wales which still retain the Welsh language as a living culture. It is only in Welsh-speaking Wales that Plaid Cymru candidates have been elected to Westminster. 2. 'Radical Wales', the southern industrial valleys of Wales, where Welsh is no longer spoken but Welsh identity is still expressed through dissent, by voting for Labour within the wider Context of Britain. 3. 'English Wales', the far south-west tip (Pembrokeshire) and a broad belt of Wales adjacent to England, which has been heavily settled by the English, and where about half the population no longer think of themselves as Welsh. It is only in English Wales that the Conservative Party remains a significant po litical force. 43 Q u e s t i o n s : 1. Why do we call Welsh nationalism cultural? 2. What century is called the great age of the bards? Why did the bards prefer Welsh to English and French? 3. In the past 30 years there were serious attempts to revive the lan- guage. What were they? Were the attempts successful? 4. Why is the Welsh language difficult to understand for an Englishman? Additional The W e l s h E i s t e d d f o d a u Reading '. • No country in the world has a greater love of music and poetry than the people of Wales. Today, Eisteddfodau are held at scores of places throughout Wales, particularly from May to early Novem- ber. The habit of holding similar events dates back to early history, and there are records of competitions for Welsh poets and musicians m the twelfth century-. The Eisteddfod sprang from the Gorsedd, or National Assembly of Bards. It was held occasionally up to 1819, but since then has become an annual event for the encouragement of Welsh literature and music and the preservation of the Welsh language and ancient national customs. The Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales is held annually early in Au- gust, in North and South Wales alternately, its actual venue varying from year to year. It attracts Welsh people from all over the world. The pro- gramme includes male and mixed choirs, brass-band concerts, many chil- dren's events, drama, arts and crafts and, of course, the ceremony of the Crowning of the Bard. Next in importance is great Llangollen International Music Eisteddfod, held early in July and attended by competitors from many countries, all wear- ing their picturesque and often colourful national costumes. It is an event probably without parallel anywhere in the world. There are at least twenty- five major Eisteddfodau from May to November. In addition to the Eisteddfodau, about thirty major Welsh Singing Fes- tivals are held throughout Wales from May until early November. Download 446.71 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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