By bahodir rustamov contents: Tenses

The differences between the Perfect Simple and the Perfect Continuous

• 
  The Perfect Simple is used to show the result of a finished action:
  

I have hurt my leg. (=it’s hurting now)

• 
  The Perfect Continuous is used to explain the consequence of an action which continued longer and maybe not finished, yet:
  

She has been sunbathing. (=explaining why she is so brown)

• 
  The Perfect Simple is used to say how much work has been done. (amount of actions):
  

I’ve read three books by Alisher Navoiy.

• 
  The Perfect Continuous is used to say how long someone has been doing something. (duration of actions):
  

She has been learning English for three years.

LESSON 2. PAST PERFECT.
Structure:
Past Perfect Simple: Past Perfect Continuous:
P: S+had+Ved/V3… P: S+had+been+Ving…
N: S+hadn’t+Ved/V3… N: S+hadn’t+been+Ving…
Sh.A.Q: Had+S+Ved/V3…? Sh.A.Q: Had+S+been+Ving…?
Yes, S(p)+had. Yes, S(p)+had.
No, S(p)+hadn’t. No, S(p)+hadn’t.
Q: Q.W.+had+S+VedV3…? Q: Q.W.+had+S+been+Ving…?

• 
  The Past Perfect is used to talk about actions which happened before the said time in the past:
  

I had done my homework by 9 o’clock yesterday.

• 
  The Past Perfect is used to talk about actions which happened before another action in the past:
  

When my father came, my mother had prepared the dinner.
LESSON 3. FUTURE PERFECT.
Structure:
Future Perfect Simple: Future Perfect Continuous:
P: S+will+have+Ved/V3… P: S+will+have+been+Ving…
N: S+won’t+have+Ved/V3… N: S+won’t+have+been+Ving…
Sh.A.Q: Will+S+have+Ved/V3…? Sh.A.Q: Will+S+have+been+Ving…?
Yes, S(p)+will. Yes, S(p)+will.
No, S(p)+won’t. No, S(p)+won’t.
Q: Q.W.+will+S+have+Ved/V3…? Q: Q.W.+will+S+have+been+Ving…?

• 
  The Future Perfect is used to talk about actions which will have been finished before the said time in the future:
  

They will have closed the shop by 9 p.m.

• 
  The Future Perfect is used to talk about actions which will have been finished before another action in the future:
  

He’ll have sold his car by the time you call him.
She’ll have finished her work when you get there.