Ч а с т ь I v молодой ученый

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«Молодой учёный» . № 27 (422)  . Июль 2022 г.
Филология, лингвистика
Частично ассимилированные — слова, которые по 
своему написанию и произношению остались иностран-
ными.
Полностью ассимилированные — слова, которые соот-
ветствуют морфологическим и фонетическим нормам за-
имствовавшего языка.
История русского языка показывает, что заимство-
вания — это один из главных языковых процессов, при 
этом язык живой и обладает сложными внутренними ме-
ханизмами, он развивается, пополняется и при этом из-
бавляется от избыточности.
Литература:
1. Багинская, И. Н. К проблеме ассимиляции заимствований. — М.: Наука, 2005, с. 214.
2. Крысин, Л. П. Иностранные слова в современном русском языке, М.: Изд-во Наука, 1968. — 208 с.
3. Маринова, Е. В. Иноязычные слова в русской речи конца XX — начала XXI вв.: проблемы освоения и функцио-
нирования. М.: ЭЛПИС, 2008. 495 с.
Presuppositional aspect of English legal discourse
(in an example of existential and structural presuppositions)
Jumaniyozova Nuriya Akhmedovna, doctoral student
Uzbek State University of World Languages (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)
The article examines common presuppositions employed in English legal discourse. Given the fact that presupposition is considered 
as one of the main pragmatic phenomena, which deals with the implicit meaning of the utterance, the author firstly defines it with the 
opinions of various scholars and provides supporting examples. However, the focus is placed on the existential and structural presup-
position triggers, which are used in lawyers’ speeches during the courtroom trials.
Keywords: pragmalinguistics, presupposition, presupposition triggers, linguistics, English legal discourse, existential and structural 
presuppositions, signs.
I
n the 60–70s of the last century, interest in the study of lin-
guistic signs within the context, that is, the speech situation, 
and the definition of their functional expression in speech led to 
a further expansion of semantic research in linguistics and the 
identification of a new direction — pragmalinguistics. «Prag-
matics» (greek «pragma»-act, action) was originally studied 
as a philosophical term at the beginning of the XX century 
and supplanted by well–known semiotics including G. Claus, 
Ch. Pierce, Ch. Morris and Y. Stepanov [1, p. 57]. In fact, Ch. 
Pierce singled out three scientific directions — syntax, seman-
tics and pragmatics as independent fields in semiotics, but later 
Ch. Morris stressed in his work that the scope of pragmatics is 
larger in relation to the remaining two realms, so it is necessary 
to place it on a higher level, and the study of the issues between 
the language sign and its user has generated a new direction 
called «pragmalinguistics», «linguistic pragmatics» or «prag-
matic linguistics» in linguistics [2, p. 43]. It is worth noting 
that the object of linguistic pragmatics research is the relation-
ship between language units and the conditions of their use 
in a certain communicative pragmatic space (covering the in-
teraction of the addresser and the addressee) and interaction 
based on a specific goal. It also deals with the ability to choose 
and apply the optimal means available in the language to in-
fluence the recipient (listener) in a particular communication 
and effectively achieve the intended goal. In addition to this, 
Uzbek linguist M. Khakimov gives the following definition of 
pragmalinguistics: «A person should not only know all the se-
mantic knowledge in a language, but also be able to choose 
and express it according to his purpose. Linguistic pragmatics 
studies the same aspects in language» [3, p. 8]. In addition, the 
scientist notes that the universal issues of pragmatic linguistics 
include: (1) the aspect of the sentence related to the context; 
(2) manifestations of speech etiquette, socialization of speech, 
expressing relationships among people; (3) introductory, eval-
uative word and means related to the subjective-modal aspect 
of expression; (4) a theory of discourse representing the sub-
jective-personal characteristics of a person and (5) presuppo-
sition [4, p. 18–20].
Since the last quarter of the last century, the complication 
of semantic research in linguistics based on pragmatic anal-
ysis has led to the study of linguistic units in the pre-positional 
aspect based on context, speech situation and general knowl-
edge known in advance to the speaker and listener. Presuppo-
sition, which is referred to by the terms «presumption», «inner 
meaning», «pragmatic meaning» and «sigmatic meaning», 
serves the correct and full disclosure of the content of the state-
ment as an important pragmatic phenomenon.
Although the first logical views on this phenomenon were 
expressed by the German philosopher G. Frege (1952), later in 
P. Strawson, Ch. Fillmore, J. Lakoff, R. Stalnaker and F. Kiefer’s 

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