Chapter · September 015 doi: 10. 1201/b18973-33 citations 11 reads 3,065 authors: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects
particular emphasis on 2 pilot test zones located off the
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1.2.101-RENEW20142015-219-NSCGS
particular emphasis on 2 pilot test zones located off the coasts of Aguçadoura and S. Pedro de Moel. Despite the fact that these areas have showed to be potential wind turbine construction areas, a detailed analysis of the wind and wind power distribution constitutes a good tool for economic risk analysis. As already pointed out, natural temporal and spatial variability in the annual wind speed is related to wind energy density variations and its assessment is of extreme importance for the wind farm development. For the stated reasons, the wind speed relative frequency of occurrence is cataloged and analyzed in detail for two pilot test sites. The Beaufort wind scale is of common use for the empirical measure of the intensity/strength of the wind. According to the Beaufort scale, the wind speed can be divided into 12 scales that go from calm and light winds to Storms and Hurricanes. These 12 scales are presented in Table 9. Larger wind turbines generally operate between force 3 and force 10 on the Beaufort scale and the rated capacity is commonly defined at forces 6/7 depend- ing upon the wind turbine type. Below force 3, wind conditions are described as “light” and the wind tur- bine will not generate any power. The percentage of each class is hereafter determined for the two pilot test zones and represented by histograms of frequency of occurrence, using winds obtained from the model at 80 m height. (Figures 6 and 7) Red arrows indicate the Table 9. Wind speed intervals according to Beaufort scale. Beaufort No. V in m/s Description 0 0–0.2 Calm 1 0.3–1.5 Light air 2 1.6–3.3 Light breeze 3 3.4–5.4 Gentle breeze 4 5.5–7.9 Moderate breeze 5 8.0–10.7 Fresh breeze 6 10.8–13.8 Strong breeze 7 13.9–17.1 Moderate gale 8 17.2–20.7 Fresh gale 9 20.8–24.4 Strong gale 10 24.5–28.4 Full Gale/Storm 11 28.5–32.6 Violent Storm 12 >= 32.7 Hurricane Figure 6. Wind Speed frequency of occurrence according to the Beaufort Wind Scale at Aguçadoura (2009–2013). cut-in and cut-off wind speed of a Vestas wind tur- bine. For the Aguçadoura test site, around 80% of the wind events between 2009 and 2013 blow with inten- sity above the cut in wind speed of 4 m/s, of which 12% occur above the rated wind speed of 14 m/s. Only a small percentage of winds (0.07%) occur above the 25 m/s threshold, the cut-out speed of the Vestas wind turbine. The modal wind, which is the speed at which the wind most frequently blows, falls into class 7, the fresh breeze category, with intensity between 8 and 10.7 m/s. The average wind speed off Aguçadoura coast is 8.4 m/s. Similarly, at S. Pedro de Moel, 80% of the winds between 2009 and 2013 blow with intensity above the cut in wind speed yet in this case only 7% of the winds are above the rated speed. The modal wind falls into class 4 corresponding to moderate breezes. The average wind speed at S. Pedro de Moel is 7.7 m/s. Wind speed fluctuates continuously and conse- quently so does wind power. The patterns of the long term variability have to be determined so that investors can predict whether natural oscillations will affect a Download 448.58 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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