Chapter: lexicology and its object subject matter of Lexicology

4. Evaluatory words
It should be pointed out that among the emotionally coloured words we can find words which express evaluation, judgment. They are called evaluatory words. Mostly names of animals have a strong evaluatory force.
for example. «Silly ass» said Dick. «He's jealous because he didn't win a prize». cattwitted - мелочный , dirty dog — грязный подлец ( искирт ), colt — a young male horse used for a young unexperienced person, pup — щенок ( лайча ), They have negative evaluation. But in English we have words which have positive evaluation, For example bunny — кролик ( куёнча ) ( ласк .), bunting— птичка ( кушча ) ( ласк .) In the English language we can find a lot of vulgar words which are used in emotional speech: For example. Damn! Alas!
One and the same word may have different evaluation when it is used with words denoting different sex. He is a bull (it has a positive evaluation) She is a bull (it has a negative evaluation) In Uzbek: « чехра » has positive evaluation but “ башара ”
has negative.


5. Stylistic differences of words
On different occasions and situations the speaker uses different words chooses different words in different spheres of communication. There are some words which are used in lecture, in a poem or when speaking to a child, an official person etc. They are very highly frequent words. These words are called stylistically neutral words.
For example, evening, man, girl, table, horse, read, write, speak, beautiful nice etc.
But we have a lot of words which cannot be used in any situation or, we speak to any person. They are called stylistically marked words.
For example, the English nouns «horse», «steed», «gee-gee» have the same meaning, they all refer to the same animal but they are stylistically different.
«Horse» is stylistically neutral and may be used in any situation. «Steed» belongs to poetic vocabulary. It has a lofty meaning. «Gee-gee» — is a nursery word neutral in a child's speech. And it is not used in adult conversation. So stylistically coloured words are suitable only on certain definite occasions in specific conditions of communication. Each stylistically coloured word has a neutral synonym:
For example, steed — horse, ire — anger, sustain— suffer, obtain— get, accomodation — room, woe — sorrow, fair — beautiful, slay —kill.
Among the stylistically—coloured words we can find: Slang- words.
Slang- words are expressive, mostly ironical words. They serve to create fresh names for some things. They sound somewhat vulgar, harsh, mockingly, contemptously. For example. The word «inoney» has the following slang words as: beans, brass, dibs, dough, chink, oof, wads.
The slang synonyms for word «head» are: attic, brain, pan, hat, peg, nut, upper storey. The slang synonyms for the adjective «drunk» arc: boozy, cock-eyed, high, soaked, tight.