Class Struggle and This Thing Named
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Melancholic Troglodytes Originally published as a pamphlet, winter 2002, London. Expanded and groovyfied, 14 August 2011, Hyderabad, India. Communism is the positive supercession of private property as human self- estrangement, and hence the true appropriation of the human essence through and for man [sic], it is the complete restoration of man to himself as a social, i.e., human being, a restoration that has become conscious and which takes place within the entire wealth of previous periods of development … it is the genuine revolution … between freedom and necessity, between individual and species. (Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, 1844) Louis is coming back with me to my flat. Doesn’t he have pretty lobes? 118 Endnotes [1] Today ‘uncle Tomism’ is used pejoratively by some ‘black’ people (including Farrakhan) to denounce other ‘blacks’ who are perceived as lackeys of the ‘white’ establishment. However, “the conception of the black personality that Harriet Beecher Stowe illustrated in Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a messianic one” (Moss, 1993). Uncle Tom was a far stronger character than the sneering connotations of the term might suggest today. The book was also a reaction against the outrageous Fugitive Slave Act (1850), which “denied testimony of accused runaway; assumed accused’s guilt rather than innocence” (Dennis and Willmarth, 1984). Once Farrakhan’s fiery rhetoric is exposed for the conformist, subservient homage to capitalism that it has always been, it becomes clear that he and his clan are the real ‘Uncle Toms’! The ‘vegetables’ refers to the Fruit of Islam (FOI), a paramilitary force set-up to instil the fear of Allah into the rank-and-file, as well as providing the media with photogenic image-bites. According to the testimony of former leaders such as Imam Warith Muhammad and Malcolm X, the Fruits practice intimidation against membership in order to ensure compliance. Allen has even claimed, “NOI members speak glowingly of the idea of administrating amputations to thieves and putting rapists to death under an Islamic government” (Allen, 1995: 2). They hold separate temple services, and act as a “constabulary and court-martial to root out and punish any hint of heterodoxy or any slacking of obedience among the Muslims themselves” (ibid.). During Michael Jackson’s legal trial following charges of child molestation and subsequent death-threats, the Fruits of Islam acted as bodyguards. [2] See http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1526102 for further information. [3] This documentary which propelled Malcolm X to stardom and the NOI to national prominence is available on YouTube in ten parts (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z- odALf_1zs) and also at (http://www.archive.org/details/PBSTheHateThatHateProduced). It is difficult to know which discourse is funnier: the Nation’s rhetoric about charging the ‘white man’ with ‘being the greatest drunkard and gambler on earth’ or the po-faced liberal hypocrisy of the commentator, Mike Wallace. [4] This is an entangled web. Reactionary Jewish ultra-rightists founded by Meir Kahane called the Jewish Defense League attacked Jesse Jackson, following the latter’s announcement to seek the Democratic Party’s nomination in late 1983. Death threats soon followed. Jackson asked for Secret Service protection, which was initially refused. The FOI stepped in to guard Jackson. Then in January 1984, during an off-the-record chat with Coleman, he referred to Jews as ‘hymies.’ When this was publicised Jackson at first denied making the slur. By the time he apologised the damage was done and relations between ‘Jews’ and ‘Blacks’ had deteriorated. Kahane and Farrakhan won, Jackson lost (see Gardell, 1996: 250). Of course, every time class solidarity is jeopardised by a racial discourse (whether insulting or not) the proletariat is also the loser. Sadly in the current US political climate with its infantile identity politics, it is nigh 119 impossible to avoid giving offence when engaging in serious debate. The onus is on the US working classes to discover a way of talking about class without marginalising ‘race’ issues. Once this new discourse is in place, reactionary scum like Kahane, Farrakhan and Jackson will be exposed for the irrelevances they should always have been. [5] Interpreting Malcolm X’s legacy is still a profitable industry and every reactionary wants a piece of the action. During Spike Lee’s confused and sycophantic homage to Malcolm X, “the script had to be written no less than ten times, in part due to the fervor with which the different camps marketed Malcolm as their champion … Farrakhan and others in the Nation were explicit in their warnings for Lee not to desecrate Elijah Muhammad” (Gardell, 1996: 66). It is, however, true that Malcolm X had broken with NOI and was planning an American tour to reach out to NOI members he felt he had misled. In his autobiography, he writes: “Since I learned the truth in Mecca, my dearest friends have come to include all kinds -some Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, agnostics, and even atheists! I have friends who are called capitalists, socialists and communists! Some of my friends are moderates, conservatives, extremists – some are even Uncle Toms! My friends today are black, brown, yellow, and white!” (quoted in Malik, 2005: 32, a cringing text written for the 40 th anniversary of Malcolm’s assassination). [6] Lincoln (1961: 218) has explained that to dismiss the black Muslims as a cult would be a ‘tragic error.’ We concur. We are also aware that the term ‘cult’ has a rather loaded judicial signification in North American aw. Briefly put, to designate a group a cult could undermine their legitimacy and allow federal government not only to tax their finances more aggressively but also to treat them as a potential ‘terrorist’ organisation. Whilst not trying to pave the way for government witch-hunts, and also whilst emphasising that the cultic aspect of the NOI is only one of four in fluencies, it is difficult to ignore the fetishisation of ritualistic behaviour within the organisation The NOI’s reliance on charismatic leadership and manipulation of rank-and-file, its internal authoritarianism and propaganda functions suggests strong cultic tendencies. [7] The NOI has been trying to expand in Britain in recent years, particularly using the Stephen Lawrence murder as a platform. For a self-serving and rather stupid discussion of the UK chapter of the NOI see (Tinaz, 2006). [8] ‘Part-white Negroes’ was the derogatory term used by Garvey to put down mulattos, especially those who threatened his de facto leadership of the Black community (whatever that is!). Mulattos challenged Garvey on two fronts: first, they exposed the myth of racial purity; and second, by transcending racial discourse, they once again foregrounded the invisible issue of social class. So maybe he was right to be wary and suspicious of mulattos, after all, a very special one, Fredrick Douglass, had very eloquently seen through the self-serving nonsense of race pride/black nationalism. Being an offspring of a horse and a donkey (a mule!) has the advantage of allowing one to be simultaneously an insider and outsider. The Melancholic Troglodytes are superior to both Middle Easterners and Westerners precisely because we are mules! 120 [9] So that there is no misunderstanding let us note in passing that De Bois was not a radical. In fact his notion of socialism was authoritarian and atavistic: “[socialism is a] disciplined economy and political organisation in which the first duty of the citizen is to serve the state” (quoted in Gardell, 1996: 18). [10] This paranoia needs to be seen in the context of very real attempts at infiltrating the NOI by the Japanese secret services, the FBI and the ‘Communist’ Party of the USA!! Nevertheless, fear of infiltration by state agencies is one thing, fear of ‘contamination’ by racial others, something completely different. [11] It needs to be emphasised again that ADL (Anti-Defamation League) is itself an anti- working class, racist organisation that has in the past (deliberately) misrepresented the NOI, so everything it puts forward must be assessed with great caution. [12] It is important to have a historical perspective on unions instead of merely listing a series of current misdeeds. Since today (almost all) unions are counter-revolutionary, it is incorrect to describe their activities as acts of betrayals. They are not of the proletariat and hence cannot be our betrayers. Of course, there have been exceptions. The origins of trade unionism were related to a fight for better wages and working conditions that proletarians identified with. In those early days there existed an organic linkage between unions and workers, and it may very well be possible to occasionally come across a newly-formed union or a low-ranking bureaucrat within an established union genuinely engaged in escalating the class struggle. One must never discount the possibility. However, in general contemporary unions are neither working class nor really middle class mediators between labor and capital. Today, they must be seen as part of the ruling class machinery responsible for regulating and disciplining the most precious commodity available to capitalism: labour power. But, if constructing the future and settling everything for all times are not our affair, it is all the more clear what we have to accomplish at present: I am referring to ruthless criticism of all that exists, ruthless both in the sense of not being afraid of the results it arrives at and in the sense of being just as little afraid of conflict with the powers that be. -Marx (1843) The slave ‘frees’ himself when, of all the relations of private property, he abolishes only the relation of slavery and thereby becomes a proletarian; the proletarian can free himself only by abolishing private property in general. Now spread them chubby cheeks, fat boy! -Engels (1847) 121 References (A note on sources: usually when the Melancholic Troglodytes embark on researching a topic, we rely on the contribution of previous revolutionaries to help us negotiate the often-tricky ravines of class struggle. In the case of the present text it proved impossible to find many useful texts. Many of our sources are from the liberal/social-democratic academia and some from dubious organizations such as the Nation itself, various Trotskyites, Stalinists and the Anti-Defamation League. The latter especially has an annoying habit of employing out of context quotes and dishonest claims- a dishonesty tinged with racism. The dearth of radical work on this topic and the general neglect of religious issues by (western) revolutionaries are regrettable. We hope this text has gone some way in addressing these shortcomings. Hopefully it will act as a platform for more erudite proletarian critiques.) Al-Azmeh, A. Ibn Khaldun (London, Routledge, 1990) Alan, J. Black in Wartime (WebPages: News & Letters, Column: black/Red, 2001) Allen, James R. ‘Conspiracies of Silence: The Political, Economic and Sociological Correlates of the Tulsa Drama Triangle and Massacre of 1921’, IDEA: A Journal of Social Issues, 2000, Vol. 5, issue 1 Allen Jr., Norm R. Reactionary Black Nationalism: authoritarianism in the name of freedom (Council for democratic and Secular Humanism Inc.: 1995) Anti-Defamation League. Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam on Slavery in the Sudan (website: ADL, 2001). Anti-Defamation League. Travels with Tyrants: Minister Louis Farrakhan’s 1996 Anti-American World Tour (website: ADL, 2002) Black Masks & Up Against the Wall Motherfucker. The Incomplete Works of Ron Hahne, Ben Morea and the Black Mask Group (London, Unpopular Books & Sabotage Editions, 1993) Buckner, Jerry L. ‘Effective Evangelism: Witnessing to the Nation of Islam,’ Christian Research Journal, 1998. Available at: http://www.equip.org/PDF/DI209.pdf [accessed 3 November 2010] Bush, Rod. We Are Not What We Seem: Black Nationalism and Class struggle in the American Century (New York University Press: New York, London, 1999) Canaan, Gareth. ‘Part of the Loaf: Economic Conditions of Chicago’s African-American Working Class During the 1920’s’, Journal of Social History, (September 22, 2001) Carlson, I. Marc. The Tulsa Race Riots of 1921, Available at: http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~Marc-Carlson/riot/raceriot.html [accessed 13 September 2010] Carr, James. Bad (London, Unpopular Books & News From Everywhere. 1987) Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual (Quill, 1984) 122 Curtis IV, Edward E. ‘Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad’s Nation of Islam,’ Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation, 2002, 12(2), 167-196. Davis, Mike. Prisoners of the American Dream (London, Verso, 1986) Dennis, D. & Willmarth, S. Black History for Beginners (Writers & Readers Publishing Inc., 1984) Dunayevskaya, Raya. ‘New Passions and New Forces, The black Dimension, The Anti-Vietnam war Youth, Rank-and-File Labor, Women’s Liberation’ (chapter 9 of Philosophy & Revolution, 1973), Available at http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/works/phil-rev/dunayev9.htm [accessed 24 February 2010]. Farrakhan, Louis, 7 Speeches of Minister Louis Farrakhan (Ramza Associates & U.B. Communications System) Farrakhan, Fulani, Sharpton. Independent Black Leadership in America (Castillo International, 1990) Farrakhan, Louis & Gates, Jr., Henry Louis (1996) ‘Farrakhan Speaks’, Transition, Vol. 0, Issue 70, pp 140-167 Fletcher, Jr. Bill ‘Can Black radicalism speak the voice of Black Workers?’, Race & Class, 40, 4 (1999), pp1-14 Gardell, Mattias. Countdown to Armageddon: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam (Hurst & Company, London, 1996) Glenn, Jason. 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The Black Muslims in America (Beacon Press, 1961) Lomax, Louis E. When the Word is Given … (Signet Books, 1963) Malik, Abdul-Rahman. ‘Remembering Malcolm X: 1925-1965,’ Q-News, February 2005, No. 360, pp. 32-39. Marable, Manning. Speaking Truth to Power: Essays on Race, Resistance, and Radicalism (Westview Press: 1996) 123 Marable, Manning. Black Leadership (Columbia University Press: 1998) McCloud, Aminah Beverly. African American Islam (Routledge, 1994) Melish, Joanne Pope. Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and ‘Race’ in New England, 1780- 1860 (Cornell University Press, 1998) Minges, Patrick. ‘Living together in a silver place: Black Loyalists and the Role of Silver Bluff’, S.C. in Our Collective Religious Experience (at http://users:rcn.com/wovoka/Eatpot3.htm, 2000) Moses, W. J. Black Messiahs and Uncle Toms (Penn state Press, 1993) Muhammad, Askia. Islamic nations welcome Muslims from the ‘West’ (website: The Final Call Online Edition, 1997) Muhammad, Elijah. Message to the Blackman (Muhammad’s Temple No. 2, Chicago, 1965) Muhammad, Elijah. The Theology of Time (U.B. & U.S. Communications System, 1992) Nelson, A. S. ‘Theology in the Hip-Hop of Public Enemy and Kool Moe Dee,’ Black Sacred Music, 5:1, 1991. Noel, Peter. Nation of Islam at War (Website: Village Voice, May 19-25, 1999) Overton, Kevin. Malcolm X (Bookmarks, 1992) Palmer, A. Idris. The Nation of Islam Exposed (Website: Palmer’s Homepage) Perkins, W. E. ‘Nation of Islam Ideology in the Rap of Public Enemy,’ Black Scared Music, 5:1, 1991. Rashad, Adib. Islam, Black Nationalism & Slavery (Writers Inc Intl., 1995) Rediker, M. The Slave Ship: A Human History (London, Penguin Books, 2007) Homepage Nation of Islam (website: http://www.noi.org/) Robinson, Cedric J. Black Movements in America (London, Routledge, 1997) Robinson, Dean E. Black Nationalism in American Politics and Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2001) Segal, Ronald. Islam’s Black Slaves: A History of Africa’s Other Black Diaspora (Atlantic Books, London, 2002) Smith, Christopher E. ‘Black Muslims and Development of Prisoners’ Rights’, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 131-146, (Dec. 1993) Steller, Daniel. The Nation of Islam- A History (website: The Thinker, 1996) Spartacus Educational Online. History of Ku Klux Klan, No. 115, 7th December, 2003 Available at http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm [accessed 15 January 2010]. The Final Call (2011a). Gold, Oil, Africa and Why the West Wants Gadhafi Dead. (Brian E. Muhammad, 7 June 2011, online edition). Available at http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/World_News_3/article_7886.shtml, [accessed 13 June 2011]. The Final Call (2011b). Why Isn’t Bahrain Being Bombed? (Bill Fletcher Jr., 6 June 2011, online edition). Available at http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/Perspectives_1/article_7880.shtml, [accessed 13 June 2011]. 124 The Final Call (2011c). Farrakhan delivers a warning and offers a healing for spiritual leaders and humanity. (Ashahed M. Muhammad, 31 May 2011, online edition). Available at http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/National_News_2/article_7872.shtml, [accessed 13 June 2011]. The Revolutionary Communist Progressive Labor Party. Capitalist Conflicts and the Nation of Islam, Available at http://www.plp.org/TheCommunist1/noi.html, [accessed 22 December 2003]. The Spartacist Group. Black History and the Class Struggle Farrakhan’s Reactionary Dead End: Million Man March Appeases Racist Exploiters (A Spartacist Pamphlet: February 1996) Tinaz, Nuri. ‘Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain,’ Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 26, No. 2, August, 151-170. Trevelyan, G.M. England in the Age of Wycliffe (2nd edition, London, 1908) Wacquant, L. ‘From Slavery to Mass Incarceration: rethinking the ‘race question’ in the US’, New Left Review, pp. 41-73, (Jan-Feb 2002) Wahad,D. and Shakur, A. and Abu-Jamal, M. Still Black, Still Strong (Semiotext, 1993) White Jr, Vibert L. Inside the Nation of Islam: A Historical and Personal Testimony by a Black Muslim (University Press of Florida, 2001) Willard, Carla. ‘Timing Impossible Subjects: The Marketing Style of Booker T. Washington’, American Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 4, (December 2001) Wilson, Peter Lamborn. Scared Drift-Essays on the Margin of Islam (City Lights Books, 2001) X, Malcolm and Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X (New York: Grove Press, 1965) Young, Gary. ‘Let’s be friends’, The Guardian, Review Section, p. 6, (14.03.2002a) Young, Gary ‘Don’t blame Uncle Tom’, The Guardian, Review Section, p. 2-3, (Saturday March 30, 2002b) Zinn, H. A People’s History of the United States: 1494-Presesnt (Perennial Classics, 2003) JOURNALS, NEWSPAPERS Collective Action Notes, (Jan-March 1996) New York Times, (February 20, 2000) PR Newswire (Feb 1, 2000, available at http://www.findarticles.com) The Final Call (Online Edition) The Guardian, Review Section, (Saturday March 30, 2002) The New York Amsterdam News, (Oct 18-Oct 24, 2007, March4-March 10, 2010 and Oct 23-Oct 29, 2010) Washington Post, (Sept. 18, 1995) 125 Quiz: What is the connection between Star Trek, Colonel Gaddafi, Lord of the Rings, David Beckham, Ronaldo, Peter Griffin, Marge Simpson, Rihanna and Farrakhan? Answers to: meltrogs-books@hotmail.com for a mystery prize. 126 |
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