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Energy band diagram:
1) Equilibrium :
In ideal conditions there is no external supply to the device so the
energy gap between
conduction and valence band is high.
The gap between Evac and Efm is called the work function qΦ
m
is the energy required by an
electron to move from Fermi energy to vacuum energy level.
Electron affinity (χ): It is the energy required to move an electron from the
conduction band
of a semiconductor to vacuum energy.
Ionization energy: The energy required to move an electron from the valence band of
semiconductor to vacuum energy.
Fig: Equilibrium condition of MOSFET
2) Accumulation:
Accumulation of charges at the channel
takes place when we apply V
GS
<0.
As we apply external supply V
GS
<0 the holes get accumulated at the surface this is called
accumulation.
The electrons in metal increases so the E
FM
increases but it is known
that the work function
of a material doesn’t change so E
VAC
is increased with equal rise of E
FM
thus tilting the E
vac
of
the oxide layer upwards.
Valence band of bends upwards indicating that the hole concentration
towards oxide layer is
increased and as the energy gap between conduction band and valence band has to be
maintained the conduction band is also tilted upward.
The work function and energy gap has to be maintained with respect to the
device property
because once they are changed the overall behaviour of the device changes and it no longer
behaves as expected.
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