Content s introduction chapter methodical basis of translation theory

C O N T E N T S


INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………3
CHAPTER 1. METHODICAL BASIS OF TRANSLATION THEORY
1.1. The consequence of main aspect of theoretical translation.……………..8
1.2. Specific sphere of translation methods ………………………………...11
1.3. Huge variety of art discipline ...........................................................….12
Summary to Part I…………………………………………………………. 15
CHAPTER 2. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING TRANSLATING TECHNIQUES
2.1. Generalized information about art terms in different field …………........19
2.2. Importance of using specific terms in particular art sphere …….. ….....21
2.3. Main role of researchers in translation ……………....................................22
Summary to Part II….….....................................................................................26
CHAPTER 3. GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT OF THE RESEARCH
3.1. Discussion on specific terms in art of literature.............................................32
3.2 Analyses of art terms in poems.......................................................................39
3.3 Main results of research...............................................................................45
Summary to Part III................................................................................................59
CONCLUSION..………..………………………………………………….……63
REFERENCES………..………...……………………………………………....66
APPENDIX…….…………..............................…………………………………69


INTRODUCTION

In order to radically improve and further modernize activities aimed at finding and selecting talented and promising young specialists, especially in the regions of the country, organize their targeted training and internships in prestigious foreign educational and scientific institutions, industrial, innovative and other companies, as well as create all necessary conditions for the formation and attraction to the civil service of modern-minded professional cadres of new generation, brought up in the spirit of patriotism and with deep knowledge¹.

Translation theory refers to the study of the principles, methods, and strategies that govern the translation process. It involves examining the various aspects of translation, such as the translation process, the role of the translator, the relationship between the source and target texts, and the cultural and linguistic differences between them. Translation theory also explores the different approaches to translation, such as literal or free translation, as well as the various types of translation, including literary translation, technical translation, and audiovisual translation. Some of the key concepts and theories in translation theory include equivalence, which refers to the degree of similarity between the source and target texts; fidelity, which refers to the accuracy and faithfulness of the translation to the original; and cultural adaptation, which involves modifying the translation to suit the cultural context of the target audience. Other important concepts in translation theory include the use of translation strategies, such as compensatory strategies to deal with linguistic or cultural differences; the concept of source-oriented versus target-oriented translation; and the role of technology in translation, such as the use of machine translation or computer-assisted translation tools. Overall, translation theory provides a framework for analyzing, understanding, and improving the process of translating one language to another.
To use the Greek terms, and not that of akribеia prevails here. Each new text or even new phrase is a new task, and if somebody supposed to have obtained the universal device or solution, we would not seriously take him as a master of artistic translation. Such devices could be nothing but mechanical tricks which help us to translate away the things we deal with. I would even ascribe it to the most simple and general principles, such as: to rhyme or not to rhyme when you translate a rhymed poem. Both decisions could be brilliant – and disgusting.
What the art of translation demands is a high developed sense of unique and inimitable (just because it is the art of imitation), i.e. the sense of the whole. It is the whole of a poem, the whole of an author’s imaginaire (as they call it now) that transfigures the parts of common language, the formal devices and the images, both usual and exotic ones. And the only instrument we can use to grasp the whole is, unfortunately, intuition and not the theoretical premises and statements. I have said: unfortunately, because I don’t know any ways of improving this tool – or rather organ of perception; we can hardly describe the perception of the whole analytically – and thus to acquire it or to hand it down. The key to the whole – if it exists – is hidden in a strange place.
Translation and interpreting are vital for worldwide development. Interpreters and translators pay great attention to the conventions and languages necessary for the correct interpretation of texts, especially those related to excavations or information sharing.
Translation and interpretation have played a significant role in the advancement of humanity. Different communities lagged behind in sharing their publications, ideas, theories, literature, and scientific information because of their particular cultural upbringing and their unconventional translation methods. Professionals in translation understood the intricacies involving adequate analysis and interpretation of materials, and many people have become successful in the field, including skilled archaeologists, mathematicians, educators, religious figures, and modern-day heroes.
Translation and interpretation have also aided trade and commerce. Products transported to different market regions require translators who aid navigation directives, advertising materials, or academic journals for learning. Tourists rely on interpreters to help acclimatize in their new environment and study guidebooks fluently.In addition, knowledge of translation and interpretation has facilitated positive cross-cultural engagement among communities, prominent in scientific, media, diplomatic, and other specialized fields. Tackling translation and interpreting skills leads to collaboration among scholars, organizations, and nurtures worldwide technological collaborations. Translating various texts ranging from Chinese historical texts to the ancient Indian civilization or to physical exercise has become an independent field of study. Many high-profile organizations and academic societies have been established, and demand in translated and assigned services has grown in developing countries, surpassing many crucial economic sectors of the country.
As revolutionary periods in our history entail improvements in translation and advance democracy, interpreters played a vital role in presenting eloquent speeches of legal representatives. Interpreters have worked tirelessly to provide presentations of different languages in different arenas, each time honing and refining their skills. Today, interpreting and translating remain essential elements in the sharing of memories and experiences from diverse cultures and help level the playing field and enhance mutual understanding between societies. Moreover, the translation and interpreting field has produced programs that aim to assist novice specialization and proficiency in interpreting. Such programs encompass subfields such as brand design proposals and enhancing conventional behaviors and principles. Translation and interpreting have contributed significantly to the many human achievements worldwide, helping lay past cultures' groundwork for posterity. Dictionaries and translation mechanisms remain vital foundations in today’s modern world, and translation serves as a benchmarking indicator of culture and truth. However, interpreting continues to renew, broaden, and encompass various challenges and subjects that arise in popular coursework and industry standards alike. Translators have contributed an indispensable part in people's understanding and learning about each other. Among them are historians, geographers, and geodesists who have also emerged as skilled translators. For instance, in his philosophical work "Critique of Pure Reason," Immanuel Kant introduced and elaborated on the concept of "productive imagination," which plays a central role in the philosophy of knowledge, and is instrumental in understanding and interpreting the content and nature of translation activity. The term "productive imagination" gives rise to a wealth of refined meanings, revealing the dialectics and value of translation creation, transcending the bare and disconnected meanings of individual terms.
The establishment of translation theory in Uzbekistan began in the 1980s. This task was not undertaken by literary or linguistic scholars, but by active translators, such as Mannan Roik, S.Ye. Palastrov, Sanjar Siddiq, Sotti Husayn, M. Salye, and others who embarked on a mission to promote a new era of translation with dedication and passion. In several papers drafted in the 1980s, they drew the attention of the public and experts to the quality, adequacy, professionalism, and responsibility required in translation work. The public regarded the initial problems associated with translation, and relevant matters of adequate social, political, and cultural importance. This innovative work was seen as crucial, both from literary and scientific perspectives.