Contents introduction chapter the verb. Basic grammatical categories of the verb

CHAPTER II. PRACTICAL IMPLANTATION OF THE THEME. CLASSIFICATIONS OF ENGLISH VERBS. CATEGORIES OF TENSE, ASPECT, MOOD VOICE, PERSON, AND NUMBER

1. 
   General Characteristics
   

A verb is a part of speech that denotes the state, action of an object or person. The main forms of verbs are divided by composition into compound (complex), simple and derivative. Simple verbs consist of only one root, such as "read" in the sentence "I love to read." (I enjoy reading.). Compounds are dibasic, and one of them refers to an adjective or noun, and the second to a verb. So, for example, "white" (the noun "white" or the adjective "white") and "wash" (wash, verb) formed the compound verb "whiten" (whiten, hide facts) in the sentence "I". I'll try to bleach my shirt." (I am trying to bleach the shirt.). Derived verbs - contain, in addition to the root, also a prefix, or a suffix, or both, like the verb "to regenerate" (to be reborn) in the sentence "Phoenix can regenerate itself from the ashes." (Phoenix can self-repair from the ashes.).
The verb has an action form that has no number, mood, or person, and is called the infinitive. It has the characteristics of a verb and a noun. In Russian, the infinitive is comparable to the indefinite form. A sign of the infinitive is the spelling of the particle to with it. Without it, the form is used in cases where:
- in the sentence there are two infinitives with unions or and that connect them. In this case, the second infinitive is used without to, as in "I want to eat and sleep.".
- a modal verb is used before the infinitive, as in the sentence "I can play a piano".
- in a complex addition after to watch, to let, to notice, to make, to see, to feel, or to hear, as in the sentence "I see an opportunity to tell the truth".
In a sentence, the infinitive acts as:
- circumstances, as in the sentence "I'm too tired to play with you".
- subject, as in the case of "To smoke – to harm the health."
- definitions in which the infinitive becomes an additional sentence when translated into Russian, as in the sentence "Life has many mysteries that I have to reveal.".
- parts of the predicate, as in "The practice of sport means to maintain health.".
- direct object, for example in the sentence "I would like to know what date is today."
According to the composition of the main (initial) form, English verbs are divided into:

1. 
   Simple, consisting of one stem and not having prefixes or suffixes in their composition: to go, to play;
   
2. 
   Derivatives, which include prefixes and suffixes: to take - to MIStake (to make mistakes), a beauty (n.) - to beautIFY (to decorate);
   
3. 
   Complex or compound, consisting of two bases, but expressing one concept: to whitewash (to whiten), to fulfil.
   

Note: Often they are a combination of a verb followed by a preposition, which often significantly changes the original meaning of the word, creating a new concept (phrasal verbs), for example: to go, to go in, to go out, to go away, to go down, etc.; to look, to look for, to look out, to look back, to look in.

2.