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Cross Cultural Communication Theory and Practice PDFDrive (1)

Linear-active
Reactive
Multi-active
Schedules
Listens
Blocks of time
Introvert
Introvert
Extrovert
Punctual
Depends on 
circumstances
Unpunctual
High levels of 
pre-planning
Little feedback
Responds to 
circumstances
Medium to long term
Slow decisions
Short term
Formal agreement
Silence
Informal agreement
Facts important
Can be indirect
Relationships important
Likes privacy
Gregarious
Good listener
One thing at a time
Reacts to events
Several things at once
Follows plans
Makes small changes
Changes plans
Unemotional
Quietly caring
Emotional
Dislikes losing face
Avoids losing face
Has ready excuses
Limited body language
Subtle body language
Extensive use of body 
language
Rarely interrupts
Does not interrupt
Interrupts often
Job-oriented
People-oriented
People-oriented
Works fixed hours
Works flexible hours
Works any hours
Figure 3.3 Summary of Lewis’ three types of culture (Lewis, 2011)
Lewis’ three types of culture can be summarized below.


58 Cross-Cultural Communication
Culture and language
Lewis maintains that: ‘The whole question of people using different speech 
styles and wielding their language in the national manner inevitably leads to 
misunderstanding, not only in expression but in intent’ (Lewis, 2006: 66).
An example of this is the English, who may distrust the Italians because 
they wave their hands about and show much emotion. One could add to 
this example the often- held view of other Europeans that the Dutch style of 
communication can at times appear too direct and blunt.

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