Dars 1 Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi

Dars 15 Past Perfect Continuous tense

▪Mazkur zamon oʻtgan zamondagi biror bir ish-harakatdan yoki paytdan oldin muayyan muddat davom etib turgan yoki oʻtgan zamonda natijasi ayon boʻlgan ish harakatni bildiradi. Mazkur zamonda egadan keyin had been+V(ing) qoʻllaniladi.

Positive form	Negative form	Question form
I had been working. He/she/it had been working. We/you/they had been working.	I had not been working He/she/it had not been working. We/you/they had not been working.	Had I been working? Had he/she/it been working? Had we/you/they been working?

When I arrived at the party, Tom and Ann had been dancing for an hour. (Men ziyofatga kelganimda, Tom va Anna bir soatdan buyon raqsga tushishayotgan ekan)

Past perfect continuous tense qo'llanish holatlari.

1. O'tgan zamonda biror ish-harakatdan oldin ma'lum muddat davom etib turgan ish-harakatni bildiradi. Ish-harakat qancha davom etganligini ko'rsatuvchi for/since payt ravishlari va so'roq gaplarda how long so'roq olmoshi gapda qatnashadi. Nutqda qo'llanilganda, odatda o'tgan zamondagi gap bilan qo'llaniladi.

When I arrived at the party, Tom and Ann had been dancing for an hour.

How long had you been reading the book when I came?

2. Past perfect continuous tense o'tgan zamondagi natijaga olib kelgan davomiy ish-harakatni ham ifodalaydi, ya'ni Present perfect continuous tensening o'tgan zamon shakli sifatida qo'llaniladi.

His hands are dirty. He has been repairing the car. (Uning qo'llari kir. U mashinani tuzatmoqda…hozirgi zamondagi vaziyat)

His hands were dirty. He had been repairing the car. ( Uning qo'llari kir edi. U mashinani tuzatayotgan edi… o'tgan zamondagi vaziyat)

Qiyoslash uchun:

▪O'tgan zamon davom fe'li (past continuous tense) o'tgan zamonda aniq vaqtda davom etib turgan ish-harakatni bildiradi.

I was sleeping at 5 o'clock yesterday.

▪Past Perfect Continuous tense esa o'tgan zamonda biror bir ish-harakat qancha davom etganligini ham bildiradi. Muddatni esa for+ [muddatni bildiruvchi so'z] ifodalaydi.

When I arrived at the party, Tom and Ann were dancing. (past continuous tense…muddat yo'q)

When I arrived at the party, Tom and Ann had been dancing for an hour. (Past Perfect Continuous tense…muddat bor)