Demand-oriented biogas production and biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale biogas plant
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Table 2
Detailed scheme of the trail weeks D to H (high viscosity) and L to P (low vis- cosity). A feeding to maintain a consistent methane production of 800 m 3 d − 1 was attempted which resulted in the indicated dosages. At the seventh day of the week, the digestate viscosity was measured and afterwards the mixing time was adjusted to the next set-up. Trial Week Day Targeted Wheat Grist Addition/ kg Targeted Maize Silage Addition/ kg Mixing Time Adjustment Viscosity Measurement 1 2500 2 2500 3 2500 4 6500 5 6500 6 6500 7 6500 x x B. Ohnmacht et al. Bioresource Technology 332 (2021) 125099 5 original fill level, is then identical to the volume fraction of assimilated biogas in the digestate. Another technique would be to measure the decrease of the liquid phase density due to the biogas assimilation. The relative decrease of the density, related to the original density, is then identical to the volume fraction of assimilated biogas in the digestate. In both cases, however, a precise and reliable measurement technology is not yet available for the conditions in a full scale biogas reactor. Moreover, the change in height or density due to biogas assimilation was theoretically in the order of 10 − 1 % in our experiments and, therefore, very susceptible for measurement errors and disturbances. Another possible indirect measurement is to detect and balance the biogas flow at the outlet of the digester. At times when the biogas is assimilated (e.g. when the stirrers are off), a decrease of the outlet gas flow can be observed. Analogously, when biogas is set free out of the digestate (e.g. during stirring), the outlet gas flow increases. This approach is only valid when the total volume of the digester and the pressure of the headspace can assumed to be constant. Particularly, this approach is not feasible in digesters with integrated gas storage membranes. Respectively the stored and free-set biogas can be estimated from the difference between the currently measured outflow and the biogas production rate (see also Fig. 2 ). As mentioned before, the stirrers are commonly operated in on–off-intervals. The average biogas production rate in a certain interval I, ˙V I N,prod , can be expressed by time-averaging the measured biogas outflow ˙V I N,out ( t) for the time of one mixing inter- val, Δt, assuming quasi-stationarity. By doing so, the biogas storing and releasing are evened out: ˙ V I N,prod = 1 Δt ∫ Δt ˙ V N I out ( t ) dt (10) Subsequently, the current biogas production rate in I, ˙V I N,prod ( t), can be lineraly approximated: ˙ V I N,prod ⎛ ⎜ ⎝ t ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ = ˙ V I N,prod + ˙ V I+1 N,prod − ˙ V I N,prod 2 + ˙ V I+1 N,prod − ˙ V I N,prod Δt t (11) where I +1 stands for the next intervall. The stored biogas in I in the digester (digestate plus headspace), V I,digester N,stored , can be calculated by: V I,digester N,stored = ∫ Δt off ˙ V I N,out ( t ) − ˙ V I N,prod ( t ) dt (12) where Δt off is the period when the stirrers are off. Eventually, the stored biogas in the digestate V digestate N,stored in I can be estimated by: V I,digestate N,stored ≈ V I,digester N,stored ∊( h * ) (13) In order to investigate the biogas storage in the digestate quantita- tively, temporally highly resolved volume flow measurements were used. The volume flow was measured every second and averaged af- terwards to 15-s intervals. 2.8. Methane Yield The specific methane yield Y CH 4 , which describes in this case the formed methane amount V N,CH 4 related to the introduced organic dry matter mass m oDM , can be estimated by: Y CH 4 = V N,CH 4 m oDM (14) Obviously, higher values of Y CH 4 indicate a more effective utilization of the added substrates and are, therefore, targeted. Low values point to some kind of disturbance e.g. initially caused by insufficient mixing. Download 1.63 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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