Demand-oriented biogas production and biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale biogas plant
partly be caused by the relativly low pause times of a maximum of 13.5
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partly be caused by the relativly low pause times of a maximum of 13.5 min. This also becomes evident when comparing the measured amounts with the theoretical amounts derived from Eq. (5) : The actual measured amounts of around of 4 m 3 to 8 m 3 correspond to only around 2.4% to 4.8% of the theoretical maximum biogas storage capacity of the diges- tate at a fill level of 5 m (see Fig. 1 ). According to these values, it would have taken a 7 h–14 h pause time in our expriments until the reactor would have been filled up with biogas-assimilated digestate. It is known from practical experience that malfunctions of the stirring system can lead to an overflow of the reactor within one day or less ( Moeller et al., 2012 ). In these cases, the (forced) stirring pause is one to two magni- tudes higher than it was in our experiments. In the experiments, foaming and floating layers almost did not occur. Firstly, the used substrates are uncritical in terms of foam formation and rather tend to sink to the digester’s bottom than to float on the surface ( Moeller et al., 2012; Kaparaju et al., 2008 ). Secondly, due to the sup- posed absence of certain microorganisms, foaming was unlikely to occur ( Subramanian and Pagilla, 2014 ). Thirdly, this might partly be attrib- uted to the high stirring frequency: Indeed, the relative mixing time was varied in a wide range of 10% to 100%, but the longest stirring pause within the intervals was 13.5 min (90% of 15 min). It can be presumed that higher mixing pauses could lead to the formation of foam and to floating layers, which could subsequently lead to a self-emerging effect, and more biogas could be assimilated ( Kaparaju et al., 2008 ). The effect of high-frequency stirring could be investigated in future experiments since current literature often regards correlations between floating layers and non-stirring periods of two hours and more ( Kowalczyk et al., 2013; Lienen et al., 2013 ). Since biogas within surface foam is nearly under the same pressure as the surrounding headspace volume, the formation and destruction of this foam will not significantly influence the measured biogas flow out of the digester: The released biogas would mostly remain in the headspace. The introduced models are, therefore, in their present forms not appli- cable to investigate surface foam. It was additionally observed that the stored biogas amount was lower at low viscosity than at a high viscosity: About 30% less biogas was stored in the case of maize silage and about 20% less for wheat grist. This Download 1.63 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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