Demand-oriented biogas production and biogas storage in digestate by flexibly feeding a full-scale biogas plant
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3. Results and discussion
3.1. Digestate viscosity During the experimental time, the digestate viscosity was measured weekly, before the mixing time was set to the next adjustment. The gained data were fitted to the approach of Ostwald-and-de-Waele for the dynamic viscosity (Eq. (4) ). Fig. 3 summarizes the results of the con- ducted measurements in the DN80 tube. It is shown that the viscosity was satisfactorily constant within a trial block but different between the blocks: The deviation within in a block was much smaller than the dif- ferences between the two trial blocks. In average, the flow consistency coefficient in the first block, K I , was around 9.607 Pas n− 1 ± 0.962 Pas n− 1 and the flow behaviour index in the first block, n I , was around 0.337 ± 0.060. For the second block, K II , was around 0.369 Pas n− 1 ± 0.059 Fig. 1. Unusable headspace gas storage, gas storage in the digestate, useable (e. g. by stirring) biogas amount and useable fraction of stored biogas of the investigated digester. The optimum of the absolute useable biogas amount was near h * ≈ 2.94 m, whereas the optimum of the useable fraction of stored biogas is obtained from a fill-up digester (here: h * = 6 m). In our experiments, the digester’s fill level was 5 m and, therefore, the absolute maximum useable biogas amount (“’working range”) was approx. 30 m 3 . Fig. 2. Biogas production rate when feeding flexibly. Generally, the rate in- creases after substrate addition. After going through an optimum at time t max , it starts decreasing. The stored biogas inside the digestate and inside the digester can be derived from the difference of the actual biogas production rate and the measured biogas outflow. B. Ohnmacht et al. Bioresource Technology 332 (2021) 125099 6 Pas n− 1 and n II was around 0.771 ± 0.049. The digestate viscosity was lowered by replacing roughly around one third of the origin digestate volume with a mixture of rain water and digestate. After Eq. (3) , the viscosity should have been lowered roughly by factor 2/3, which matches fairly well with the measurement data: The decrease in viscosity within the measuring range of around 20 s − 1 to 280 s − 1 was around 50% to 90% of the origin viscosity. Variations in the viscosity may also be caused by further reasons. Besides water content and measurement uncertainties, the chemical and granulometric composition of the digestate play an important role on the rheology: During AD, for instance, particles and fibers as well as long-chained molecules are degraded which leads to a decrease in vis- cosity. Similarly, the addition of long-sized materials or hardly degradable substrates can lead to an increase in digestate viscosity ( M¨onch-Tegeder et al., 2015; Schneider, 2018 ). 3.2. Biogas storage in the digestate In order to analyse the biogas storage in the digestate, the temporal gas outflow out of the digester was measured continuously and the biogas storage was subsequently determined using Eqs. (10)-(13) . For the analysis, the stored biogas in each of the 96 mixing intervals per trial day was averaged. Fig. 4 summerizes the results. The x-axis labels refer to the absolute pause time in minutes within the 15-min-intervals and to the relative active mixing time within the intervals, respectively. For instance, a pause time of 10 min within a 15-min-interval corresponds to an active mixing time of 5 min per interval which is equivalent to a relative mixing time of around 33%. When the stirrers run continuously, no biogas storage inside the digestate should be detectable per definition. A small amount of around 0.8 m 3 was, however, measured in our experiments. Besides measure- ment uncertainties, this is probably mainly caused by small deviations from the idealizations and assumptions made in Sections 2.6 and 2.7 . For instance, the gas pressure in the headspace was not perfectly constant but varied up to 30 mbar in the investigated reactor. This variation theoretically caused an error of around 0.5 m 3 in the determined biogas storage. A significant difference was found between mixing continually and the other mixing settings, but the influence of the duration of active stirring could be neglected: No difference in the biogas storage between 10% to 80% stirring time could be derived from the measurement data. It seems that nearly the same amount of biogas is stored and released from the digestate at different mixing times in the regarded time inter- valls. In accordance with Stafford (1982) , this indicates that a large part of the accumulated biogas is released within the first minutes. Due to the fast response, it can be assumed, that the gas release is rather caused by physical effects than by chemical or biological processes. The insignificant differences between the mixing settings may also Download 1.63 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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