Determinatives (ко 'rsatkichlar) Umumiy ma ’lumotlar

DETERMINATIVES
(КО 'RSATKICHLAR)
Umumiy ma ’lumotlar:
1. Ingliz tilida ko'pgina otlar oldidan maxsus so‘zlar keladi. Ularni ko‘rsatkichar deb ataymiz. Ot oldida faqat bitta ko'rsatkich kelishi mumkin.
2. Eng ko‘p tarqalgan ko‘rsatkichlar aniq va noaniq artikllar a, an, the va ularga ko‘p hollarda ma’nosi yaqin bo’lgan some va any olmoshlaridir.
3. Artikllarning mustaqil ma’nosi yo‘q, ular shaxs yoki buyumning shu turdagi buyumlardan ajratib ko‘rsatilayotgan yoki ko‘rsatilmayotganligini, buyum suhbatdoshga ma’lum yoki noma’lumligini ifodalaydi. 0‘zbek tilida artikllarga hamda some, any so‘zlariga mos keladigan maxsus so‘zlar yo‘q. Ular har xil yo‘llar bilan tarjima qilinadi yoki tarjimada tushib qoladi:
There is a lamp on the table. Stolda chiroq bor.
The director has just come. Direktor hozirgina keldi.
Give me some stamps, please. Iltimos menga markalar bering.
4. Quyidagi ko'rsatkichlaming mustaqil ma’nosi bor va ular otga aniqlovchi bo’lib keladi:
a) Ko'rsatish olmoshlari: this — bu, these — bular, that — u;ana u, those —ana ular; ular.
This house is very old. – bu uy juda eski
I’ll take those books. – men ana u kitoblarni olaman
b). Egalik olmoshlari:

my — mening
your — sening, sizning
his — uning (erkaklar)
our — bizning ;
your — sizlarning;
their — ularning olmoshlari:
her — uning (ayollar)
its — uning (narsalar)

c). Egalik (qaratqich) kelishigidagi otlar:
Peter’s father is a doctor. Pitering otasi shifokor.
My brother’s wife has gone to Tashkent. Akamning xotini Toshkentga ketgan.
d). many, much — ко'p; little, few — oz, kam; some — bir qancha,ba’zi, bir nechta; any — istagan; each, every — har (bir); either — unisi ham, bunisi ham, har ikkalasi; neither — na unisi, na bunisi;
There were many students at the meeting. - Majlisda ko‘p talabalar bor edi.