Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures
267
R
ECEPTOR
V
ALUE
/
S
ENSITIVITY
M
AGNITUDE
R
ESIDUAL
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Gadwall
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Mallard
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Green-winged Teal
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Black-headed Gull
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Caspian Gull
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Great Cormorant
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Grey Heron
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Purple Heron
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Great Egret
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
Non-threatened Birds (Waterbirds) -
Black-crowned Night Heron
Low / Lower
No change
Neutral
T
URBINE
C
OLLISION
(B
ATS
)
Bat fatalities from wind turbine collisions are documented world-wide. However, the driving
impetus behind this (when considering that bats rarely collide with other man-made structures)
is still unknown and being researched. The patterns that have been observed thus far include:
Migratory bats making long-distance movements are at higher
risk of collision than
resident “sedentary” bats.
“Tree” bats, those that roost in trees, are at higher risk of collision fatalities.
The majority of fatalities occur
during late summer and autumn, which coincides
with breeding, increased
foraging, and migration.
Collision Risk is higher for species adapted for foraging insects in open spaces.
Wind turbines may be acting as an attractant to specific bat species. A recent
study undertaken in England found that P. pipistrellus activity was 37% higher at
turbines
than at control locations, whereas P. pygmaeus activity was consistent
with no attraction or repulsion by turbines. This may be
due to the attraction of
aerial insects to lights and heat associated with turbines.
Fatalities increase at low wind speeds, and before and
after the passage of storm
fronts.
Mortality increases with turbine tower height and rotor diameter.
Barotrauma does not appear to be a significant contributing factor to mortality.
Dzhankeldy 500MW Wind Farm
ESIA Volume 2- Main Text, Tables & Figures
268
Sensitivity to wind turbine collision is strongly influenced by preferred flight altitudes.
The current specifications include a hub height of 100m and rotor radius of 85; so
the altitude of rotor swept area is 15m to 185m.
Vespertilio murinus and
Nyctalus noctula (25-200 m, majority activity at 50-100
m (Voigt etal., 2021)) are a high-flying species;
Eptesicus and Pipistrellus species (5-65 m and above (Wellig et al., 2018)) are a
medium-flying species; and
Rhinolophus is a low-flying species - a few meters above the ground (Roemer
et al., 2017).
The magnitude and
unmitigated significance calculations are presented in the table below.
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