Economic Growth Second Edition
The Necessity for Technological Progress to Be Labor Augmenting
Download 0.79 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
BarroSalaIMartin2004Chap1-2
The Necessity for Technological Progress to Be Labor Augmenting
Suppose that we consider only constant rates of technological progress. Then, in the neoclassical growth model with a constant rate of population growth, only labor-augmenting technological change turns out to be consistent with the existence of a steady state, that is, with constant growth rates of the various quantities in the long run. This result is proved in the appendix to this chapter (section 1.5). If we want to consider models that possess a steady state, we have to assume that tech- nological progress takes the labor-augmenting form. Another approach, which would be substantially more complicated, would be to deal with models that lack steady states, that is, in which the various growth rates do not approach constants in the long run. However, one reason to stick with the simpler framework that possesses a steady state is that the long-term experiences of the United States and some other developed countries indicate that per capita growth rates can be positive and trendless over long periods of time (see chapter 12). This empirical phenomenon suggests that a useful theory would predict that per capita growth rates approach constants in the long run; that is, the model would possess a steady state. If the production function is Cobb–Douglas, Y = AK α L 1 −α in equation (1.11), then it is clear from inspection that the form of technological progress—augmenting A, K , or L—will not matter for the results (see the appendix for discussion). Thus, in the Cobb–Douglas case, we will be safe in assuming that technological progress is labor aug- menting. Recall that the key property of the Cobb–Douglas function is that, in a competitive setting, the factor-income shares are constant. Thus, if factor-income shares are reasonably stable—as seems to be true for the U.S. economy but not for some others—we may be okay in regarding the production function as approximately Cobb–Douglas and, hence, in assuming that technogical progress is labor augmenting. Another approach, when the production function is not Cobb–Douglas, is to derive the form of technological progress from a theory of technological change. Acemoglu (2002) takes this approach, using a variant of the model of endogenous technological change that we develop in chapter 6. He finds that, under some conditions, the form of technological progress would be asymptotically labor augmenting. |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2025
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling