Edition 2020 Ninth edition
particular on the non-regulated segments
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a6048c931cdc93 TEGOVA EVS 2020 digital
particular on the non-regulated segments. 6. The main critical factors for the value of a let dwelling under such regulation will typ- ically be: • The ability of the owner to recover possession of the property either for sale with vacant possession or for re-letting; • The extent to which the rent that can be achieved for the property is below the Market Rent. 7. Many markets with such regulation will have sufficient evidence of sales of let prop- erties to use the comparative method of valuation relying on the figures achieved for other properties under the same regime. Equally, those factors in themselves bear on both the prime motives for holding investment property and the term and reversion analysis for the valuation of assets. It is, thus, relevant to the value if: • The expectation of the reversion to vacant possession, with the option that that event would give to leave the let sector or to re-let, is distant and uncertain; • If the income from it is depressed. 8. Additional factors for the valuer may lie in how far other regulation may add to the costs of being a landlord or of changing tenants. That may be through: • Requirements for improvements, whether for health and safety, energy efficiency or changing national standards for accommodation; • Restrictions on the extent to which tenants may pay for the costs of taking a tenancy (costs of preparing the inventory or the lease, seeking credit references, paying the estate agent's fee, etc.). 9. The valuer appraising a dwelling that is let or suitable for letting may take into account: • The regime governing the rent and other key terms of the tenancy for, as relevant, the current letting and any prospective re-letting; • The current rent, how it may be reviewed and any rent for a new tenancy; • The ability or otherwise to re-let promptly and on what terms; European Valuation Standards 2020 IV. - EVIP 5: Residential Tenancies and Rent Control 281 • The prospect and timing of vacant possession being available and the uncertainties attending that, as well as any opportunities for earlier possession. With a statutory security of tenure regime this may turn on life expectancy; • Any legislation under which the tenant can extend the lease, pre-empt a sale or have the right to buy the dwelling; • The evidence as to let and vacant capital values for such property; • The availability of and terms for mortgage finance for the let property in question and the existence of buyers not needing to borrow; • The current condition of the property and any market expectations or legal require- ments for it to be improved. European Valuation Standards 2020 IV. - EVIP 6: Residential Valuations and Equity Release 283 EVIP 6 Residential Valuations and Equity Release 1. There is a growing financial market in which a property owner pledges some or all of the value of a property, usually a dwelling, in exchange for an income for a period of years, or to death. This is often referred to as equity release, using unencumbered value in the property to secure money as income or capital. 2. It is a means to provide an income in retirement or old age, potentially supplementing a pension or funding social care. This commonly sees an insurance company taking the dwelling as security for a stated sum which is then recovered, typically at death. This market, shown by experience to be of greatest interest to property owners aged around 70, is thought likely to grow with the aging populations in most Europe- an countries. 3. With that structure, it can be seen to be similar to the various forms of viager, found in France as a property investment market (as well as the topic of Maupassant's nine- teenth century short story, Le Petit Fût). 4. A conventional mortgage sees the sum lent fixed in nominal terms, secured on the property valued for the basis of the loan. That sum will commonly be reduced steadily by repayments of principal over the term of the mortgage. Even with an interest only mortgage, inflation will see that nominal sum erode in real terms. While the value of dwellings has tended to rise over time, price falls make it possible for the borrower to be in "negative equity" where the value of the dwelling as security is less than the out- standing loan. In general and over time, repayments and inflation tend to reduce the risk of negative equity for the lender (and, indeed, the borrower if the dwelling is sold). 5. By contrast, where equity release is used as a source of income for the remainder of a life, the funder's risk of negative equity — the property being worth less at death than the income advanced — grows with time. 284 IV. - EVIP 6: Residential Valuations and Equity Release European Valuation Standards 2020 6. Thus, while it is for the funder to consider the actuarial and other issues involved, equity release agreements depend on a valuation of the property on which the agree- ment is based. That valuation can only be at the time of the agreement. The funder can consider how little income to advance on that value but, in a competitive market, other funders may seek to bid for the business and the property owner might not accept a poor deal. 7. A distinctive set of risks attend an equity release mortgage, particularly the risk of the condition of the property decaying over time. The arrangement is often taken because the property owner has little income; the additional income may not be suf- ficient to enable repairs. Advancing age, deteriorating health and potential move to a care home tend to mean that the property is not always kept in full repair, re-decorated or modernised in ways that preserve its marketability. That may have differing effects on Market Value for different properties in different markets and times, sometimes limited but sometimes significant, but is always risk assumed by the funder. 8. Negative equity at death may lead to attempts by insurers to recover value from other assets of the deceased. That may be answered by a "no negative equity guarantee" from the insurer. It might however not apply where, for example: • The borrower repays the loan early without selling the property; • The borrower's beneficiaries wish to keep the property after the borrower has died or moved permanently into long-term care and intend to repay the loan from funds other than the proceeds of sale; • The property is sold, but not at Market Value; • The property has not been kept "in a good state of repair". 9. Given the issues involved for the property owner and the funder, equity release is likely to be increasingly regulated by the financial authorities. 10. How might such issues be taken into account? 11. The agreement might include conditions such as requiring maintenance to be under- taken so that, at the least, the property is kept "in a good state of repair" or, alterna- tively, requiring the owner to make insurance provision for this issue. In reality, such provisions may prove difficult to monitor or to enforce and attempts to do so may create more financial stress or difficulty. It could also be in breach of the developing regulation of this market addressing concerns about aging and vulnerability. European Valuation Standards 2020 IV. - EVIP 6: Residential Valuations and Equity Release 285 12. The valuer is likely to be the only person who has visited the property. The valuer will have given a professional opinion as to the current value of the property but cannot give a valuation for a future date, least of all for the unknown date of death. There are at least two other ways in which the valuer could provide value for an equity release arrangement: • By advising as to the current value of the property on the special assumption that it is in a poor state of repair; • If instructed to provide revaluations at specified intervals to assist any review clauses in the agreement. European Valuation Standards 2020 IV. - EVIP 7: Advanced Statistical Models 287 Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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