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Opportunity cost
– is incurred because of the use of limited resources such that the opportunity to
use those resources to monetary advantage in alternative use is foregone. It is the cost of the best
rejected opportunity and is often hidden or implied.
Example of opportunity cost:
Consider a student who could earn P 5,000/ month or P60,000 for working during a year but
chooses instead to go to school for a year and spend P35,000 to do so. The opportunity cost of going
to school for that year is P95,000 ( the 60,000 for the income gone and the P35,000 for the school
expenses).
Sunk cost
– is one that has occurred in the past and has no relevance to estimates of future costs and
revenues related to an alternative course of action. It represents money which has been invested and
which cannot be recovered due to certain reasons. A sunk cost is common to all alternatives and is
not part of the future cash flows and can be disregarded in an engineering economic analysis.
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