English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
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- B7.4 Phrasal-prepositional verbs
- B7.5 Conclusion
- Comments Activity B7.1 : Sentence 2 is not possible. After is a preposition and must be placed in front of the noun phrase. Activity B7.4
- VERB PATTERNS
Activity B7.2
✪ Activity B7.3 112 D E V E L O P M E N T Are these sentences correct or incorrect? Can you explain why? 1. They turned on us. 2. They turned us on. B7.4 Phrasal-prepositional verbs It is possible to have a combination of phrasal and prepositional verbs, where there is both a particle and a preposition: We’re looking forward to your party. Forward is the particle, and to the preposition with the object noun phrase your party. There may be an object separating the verb from the particle and preposition: Doctors have put his illness down to stress. B7.5 Conclusion Whatever terminology we use, prepositional and phrasal verbs (as labelled here) need to be distinguished – from each other, and from ordinary verb + preposition combinations. We can summarise the different constructions as follows: MULTI-WORD VERBS phrasal V + particle + NP ( = object) I looked up the word. I looked the word up. (What . . . ) prepositional V + prep + NP ( = object) I looked after the cat. (What . . . ) phrasal- prepositional V + particle + prep + NP ( = object) I looked forward to it. (What . . . ) VERB + PREPOSITION V + prep + NP ( = adverbial) I looked up the chimney. (Where . . . ) Figure B7.5.1 Distinguishing prepositional and phrasal verbs Multi-word verbs often have single-word alternatives, for example distribute along- side hand out, or investigate alongside look into. Learners of English often prefer these since they are simpler grammatically. But they can sound unidiomatic and formal, especially in spoken English: I got up at eight this morning is preferable to I arose . . . Comments Activity B7.1: Sentence 2 is not possible. After is a preposition and must be placed in front of the noun phrase. Activity B7.4 ✪ 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 V E R B PAT T E R N S 113 Activity B7.2: Phrasal verbs: 2, 4, 6, 7 Prepositional verbs: 1, 3, 5 Break down in sentence 7 is a phrasal verb, even though the particle down cannot be moved. This is because it is an intransitive verb with no object (as many phrasal verbs are). Activity B7.3: Sentence 4 is wrong: the object it should not come after the particle in. The word order in 3 is correct. Activity B7.4: Both are correct, but for very different reasons. They have different meanings; in sentence 1 turn on is a prepositional verb meaning ‘attack’, while in sentence 2 it is a phrasal verb meaning ‘excite’. In 2 the particle has been obligatorily moved after the object, which is why 1 could only be prepositional. (If we used a noun phrase instead then it would be ambiguous: They turned on the audience.) VERB PATTERNS As we have seen, it is the verb that determines the structure of clauses: which elements can be included and which cannot. This mainly involves the use of objects, predica- tives and (to a small extent) adverbials, but can also be extended to subjects (e.g. to the use of there and it, as in It is raining and There seems to be a problem). This is the ‘pattern’ of the verb. (It is sometimes called ‘verb complementation’.) For example, in addition to a direct object, say allows a prepositional object but not an indirect object, which tell does allow: I said something to her and not ‘I said her something’. I told her something. And discriminate requires a prepositional object, not a direct object (in standard English): They discriminated against him/He was discriminated against. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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