B9.1 Declaratives
Declaratives are the basic (and most frequent) clause type. We might call them the
‘default’ clause type. Throughout this book they are the type that is focused on and
exemplified, unless there is a reason to focus on other types.
Their formal characteristics are that
all clause elements are present, i.e. subject and verb, plus whatever further clause
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elements are required by the verb (see A8, B8)
they have the basic word order of English, namely, subject followed by verb fol-
❏
lowed by object, predicative or adverbial (commonly called ‘SVO word order’)
The traditional function of declaratives is as statements, that is, conveying informa-
tion, feelings, etc. For example:
It’s ten o’clock.
I like it.
But there is more to it than this. Take this example:
The door is open?
This has all the characteristics of a declarative and yet the question mark shows that
it is a question; that is, rather than an assertion of information, it is an enquiry (or
check) about information. This structure is called a declarative question. It is also
possible with wh- words (see below) to give special emphasis, e.g. to express surprise
or ask for repetition:
She said what? He sat where?
B9
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D E V E L O P M E N T
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