NON-STANDARD FORMS AND VARIATION IN ENGLISH
In informal English there are a number of other possibilities, such as right
and okay, which are used as universal tag questions:
You’re coming, right?
Innit and isn’t it are used in the same way in some varieties of English.
Wh- questions
This type of interrogative is introduced by a word beginning with wh-:
what, who, whom, whose, which, why, where, when and how (plus combinations
with how, such as how much). How is an ‘honorary’ member of this group (since
it does not begin with wh-).
For example:
What did he say?
How should I know?
The choice of words is firstly a matter of clause elements (see A8):
why
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, where, when and how relate to adverbials
Why did he do it?
Where is he living?
what
❏
, who and whom relate to subjects, objects and predicatives:
What have you done?
Who are you discussing?
which
❏
and whose are usually determiners (as is what sometimes), i.e. part of one
element:
Which route shall we take?
Whose money is this?
But they can occur alone, with the noun implied: Which shall we take? Whose
is this?
The choice between what, who and whom relates to whether the noun phrase refers
to a human (who, whom) or non-human (what). Who can refer to human subjects,
objects or predicatives:
Who is he?
while whom is restricted to objects, and is very formal:
Whom did you ask?
The normal question would be Who did you ask? Whom is only obligatory with
prepositional objects:
At whom did you laugh?
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