PREPOSITIONS AND SPACE
David Lee
(2001) reprinted from Chapter 2 of Cognitive Linguistics, South Melbourne: Oxford
University Press, pp. 137–145.
This is another chapter taken from David Lee’s excellent book. This time the focus is on the use
of prepositions to talk about the very basic concept of space.
Again, Lee is emphasising the personal element in language use, that what we say depends on
how we view the world, and what we want to say about it – not on some grammatical absolute.
We have choices, and can use language to make meaningful distinctions in areas of usage which
teaching materials often simplify and portray as dependent upon automatic formal rules. Tense
(see B5) and article usage (see C2) are often misleadingly explained in this way.
Gap-filling exercises are often part of this pedagogically inappropriate process. Students are
presented with an incomplete sentence in which they are told there is only one possible answer.
Yet in many cases (whether with articles, tenses or prepositions) there are alternatives which
depend on the meaning the speaker wishes to convey. You can be ‘in a bus’ or ‘on a bus’ depend-
ing on how the situation is construed. Lee’s paper convincingly demonstrates how the use of
prepositions is not always determined by collocation with a particular noun.
Some specific terminology is used, such as ‘trajectory’ and ‘landmark’, but this is explained
in the text.
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