A11.2 Reasons for redesigning sentences: three principles
Look at the following sentence:
Amy had never seen in stores underwear that would fit someone who was
the size of fat Bev.
What is unusual about the word order here? Can you describe what is
happening and explain why?
The above activity shows one reason for changing word order in English: to place a
long noun phrase at the end of a sentence. This is sometimes called the principle of
‘end weight’: anything ‘heavy’ should be placed at the end.
The general aim for using an unusual word order – apart from the cases of gram
matical expediency listed above – is to make communication more effective. Thus it
makes sense to have long clause elements at the end so that the clause structure can
be quickly established. Compare these two sentences:
A sense of doom that affected him all day followed him.
He was followed by a sense of doom that affected him all day.
Here the use of the passive in the second sentence allows a short subject to precede
the verb and the long noun phrase (a sense of doom that followed him all day) to be
placed last, whereas in the first example the listener or reader has to wait till almost
the end of the sentence before finding out what its structure is.
Another reason for changing word order is to achieve ‘end focus’, that is, to place
the most important element at the end. This is the element that has the socalled ‘nuclear
stress’ in speech. It may be an element that receives stress because it is being contrasted;
I’m not talking about soccer. (I’m talking about American football.)
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