The perfect aspect
Perfect forms relate past events and states to the present time (present perfect) or to
a subsequent point of time in the past (past perfect). The relationship may involve:
a completed action or state with a relevance to the present (or past):
❏
I’ve hidden
the presents.
an action or state lasting up to the present (or past):
❏
You’ve drunk enough.
an accumulation of experience:
❏
I’ve met many diplomats.
Consider this joke, told by Groucho Marks, a well-known comedian, in a
film. As he is leaving a party, he says to the hostess: ‘I’ve had a wonderful
evening’. She is very happy when she hears this, but then he continues ‘But
this wasn’t it!’ What two meanings of the present perfect are involved in this
‘misunderstanding’?
Match these present perfect forms to their meaning:
a) I’m afraid you’re too late; they’ve gone. 1. past activity, present relevance
b) I’ve been to Hong Kong lots of times. 2. past action, present relevance
c) I can see you’ve been playing football. 3. accumulation of experience
We can often make a statement about the present based on a present
perfect tense. Take the three sentences in Activity B5.4a and, using the
present tense, write a sentence which contains an implication based on
the original.
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