English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
3) pedagogic vs scientific
This distinction is to do with the target audience of the grammar. Is it for learners and teachers in the classroom (pedagogic) or for linguists who are studying it (scien tific)? The rules that learners are given by teachers tend to be simplified into a form that can be easily understood; they are also isolated from another (i.e. they do not form a system, as described above). Scientific grammar is much more complex and extensive, but it is systematic; this course is an introduction to it. While pedagogic and scientific grammar are both types of descriptive, second ary grammar, pedagogic grammar has some prescriptive influence. Learners want guidance and so a teacher may simplify the facts; for example, she might tell students not to use want in the progressive. Sometimes, however, the simplification goes wrong and has little connection to the scientific ‘facts’, as the next activity shows. 6 I N T R O D U C T I O N Consider this rule of pedagogic grammar: ‘You should use “any” in negatives and questions and “some” in positive sentences.’ Is it true? Can you think of exceptions? Comment While this ‘rule’ may help to understand sentences such as I’ve got some money and I haven’t got any money it is not hard to find exceptions: Would you like some tea? (as an offer; it would be strange to say any) I haven’t stolen some of the money, I’ve stolen all of it (with some stressed; if we say I haven’t stolen any of the money the meaning is completely different) Any teacher can tell you that ‘any’ can be used in positives. In other words, some can be used in questions and negatives and any in positives, and both can be used in the same context with a different meaning, which makes this a fairly useless rule. A refinement of the pedagogic rule says that when we ask a ques tion expecting the answer yes, we can use some. This is an improvement but it is still far from the scientific rule which talks about ‘asserting’ the existence of something (with some), or not (with any), and relates this to other pairs of words which share this distinction (sometimes and ever, already and yet); see the reading in D3. The point is that the difference between some and any is to do with meaning, not grammar. We can show the relationship between these different types of grammar in a diagram: prescriptive secondary primary descriptive pedagogic scientific Figure A1.3.1 The relationship between different types of grammar Think about the following statements and decide if you agree with them. 1. If you are a native speaker of a language then you know its grammar. 2. Nobody knows all the grammar of a language. 3. What learners of a language are taught about its grammar is usually simplified and sometimes wrong. 4. Grammar is not always a matter of correct facts; it is often a question of tendencies and appropriateness. Something may be right in one situation but not in another. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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