N O U N S
7
Comment
Statements 3 and 4 express the philosophy of this book. As for 1 and 2, it depends
on which type of grammar we are thinking about. Statement 1 is correct if we are
thinking of primary grammar, as is 2 if we are thinking about secondary grammar.
NOTE. From now on, most comments are placed at the end of the section, rather
than after their activity.
NOUNS
A2.1 Defining nouns
Nouns are an open word class (see B1); new nouns are being devised almost every
day, it seems. A recent example is
chocoholic. Nouns are by far the most numerous
word class; they also tend to make up more of a text than other open word classes.
Look at the paragraph above. How many nouns are there? (Do not count
repetitions.)
The traditional notional definition of noun goes something like this:
‘a noun is the name of a person, place or thing’
You can probably see some problems with this already. First, there is the question of
what we mean by ‘name’; we will see another situation below where this word is
needed. More importantly, many nouns have nothing to do with people, places or
things, for example, nouns referring to abstract concepts such as
love,
beauty,
pain,
war, or nouns referring to actions, such as
singing,
laughter,
fight.
Look at these nouns and decide if they fit the above definition:
arrival, bomb, carpet, death, description, joke, science, teacher, tree, walk
As the activity shows, the notional definition is generally not very helpful. Because
of this we look for formal features to help us to identify nouns. In this approach, a
noun is a word which
a) changes its form for singular and plural and for the genitive:
dog,
dogs,
dog’s,
dogs’
(see below for an explanation of these terms)
b) can act as the head of a noun phrase (
new information) and can be preceded by
a determiner such as
some:
some people
A2
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