English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
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- Activity A3.1
- Postmodifiers
Premodifiers
The function of premodifiers is to add information about the head noun; to ‘modify’ or limit its meaning. So the reference of red roses and science students is more restricted than that of roses and students. Typically premodifiers consist of one or more adjectives: big business; small change; a beautiful, red dress (see A4 for more on adjectives.) However, nouns are also common: a newspaper reporter; a paper cutter; climate change. When a noun is used as a premodifier, it can be related to a noun phrase with a postmodifying prepositional phrase (see below under postmodification): a reporter for a newspaper. Look at the noun phrases below and say whether the underlined premodi fiers are adjectives or nouns. 1. business communication 2. (a) summery dress 3. (a) car driver 4. modern communication 5. (the) summer term 6. (a) brown paper bag ✪ Activity A3.1 16 I N T R O D U C T I O N There is no absolute limit to the number of premodifiers in one noun phrase: the great big British breakfast tradition It is also possible to show an object–verb relationship by using a hyphen in a compound premodifier: a flesh-eating virus, a power-sharing agreement (‘an agreement to share power’) But for more complex structural relationships with a noun phrase a postmodifier (see below) must be used. The phrase an English teacher is ambiguous. What are the two possible meanings, and how can you explain them in terms of premodification and different word classes? What is the difference between health food and healthy food? Postmodifiers The postmodifier position is where extensive and complex information about the head is given. It can consist of: a prepositional phrase (see A4): ❏ the woman in a long dress; a friend of the director an adjective phrase: ❏ a man capable of anything (see A4) a clause, especially a relative clause: ❏ a decision which was greeted with surprise (see B10) a nonfinite clause: ❏ a memorial dedicated to the victims (see A10) an adverb: ❏ the first time around, a long way back Postmodification with prepositional phrases is the most common type. There is a special type of postmodification where the preposition is determined by the noun, and the prepositional phrase is seen as necessary to complete its mean ing. Here are just a few examples: I have great admiration for her. This isn’t the solution to our problem. It affected his relationship with his children. They expressed surprise at the announcement. There is a widespread belief in reincarnation. Such prepositional phrases are sometimes called ‘complements’. Many such nouns are typically used with one particular preposition. For example, it would be strange to use a different preposition with belief. This use should not be confused with pre positional phrases that are independent of the noun (see adverbials in A8) e.g. This is a widespread belief in government circles. Complements are also found with adjectives (see A4) and can take the form of clauses rather than prepositional phrases (see A10). Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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