English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
Contextual ellipsis
B11 discusses one form of ellipsis, where the missing words may be deduced from the accompanying text: I’ll come if you want (me to come). This can be called textual ellipsis. There is another kind of ellipsis which is very common in informal spoken language, particularly conversation. This is where the start of a clause is omitted, for example: Hope you are well. (I hope . . . ) (So are you coming?) – Depends on the weather. (It depends . . . ) (Why did he do it?) – Don’t know. (I don’t . . . ) This is sometimes called ‘contextual (or “situational”) ellipsis’ because there are no textual clues to help supply the missing words. Instead the context – e.g. the fact that two people are talking to each other – can be used to sort out the complete meaning, although knowledge of common phrases also plays a role (e.g. with (it) depends). In the above examples, it is the subject that is missing, but the inverted auxiliary in interrogatives can also be omitted: Tomorrow at 4 be okay for you? (Will tomorrow . . . ) You coming? (Are you . . . ) (Note that these are related to yes/no interrogatives, not to declarative questions: You’re coming?) G R A M M A R I N S P E E C H A N D W R I T I N G 73 Both auxiliary and subject can be left out: Know what I mean? (Do you know . . . ) Got any matches? (Have you got . . . ) This can include the verb be as well as the auxiliary: Good to see you yesterday. (It was good . . . ) Though ellipsis is most obvious with shortened clauses, where a clause is missing some words, the concept can be extended to minor sentences involving one word answers: I just passed my driving test. – Fantastic! (That’s fantastic!) Note that this is not a case of textual ellipsis. The missing words are not reconstruc table from the previous text. Try to reconstruct these common elliptical clauses. Can you think of any more? 1. Get it? 2. Told you so. 3. Sounds good to me. Auxiliaries are also omitted in semimodal expressions (as discussed in B6), often with nonstandard spelling: You gonna get in trouble. (You’re going to . . . ) We betta watch out. (We had better . . . ) I gotta go. (I’ve got to . . . ) When these are used in writing to indicate speech they are intended to sound very informal. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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