Exercises Substitution: Say what one or ones

Exercises
1. Substitution: Say what one or ones is replacing in these examples:
a. A group of people marching on the road should keep to the left. There should be look-outs in front and at the back wearing reflective clothing at night and fluorescent clothing by day. At night the look-out in front should carry a white light and the one at the back should carry a bright red light visible from the rear.
b. That Malaysian planning is politically motivated does not mean it is necessarily inefficient. Although a number of criticisms have been made about the performance of the civil service, its record in development administration is by no means a bad one when viewed in comparative terms.

c. Excess cholesterol enters the body through our foods, especially animal fats, and many people are still unaware of the ones they should avoid.

2. Substitution: Say what do is replacing in these examples:

a. Robert Orr-Ewing, responsible for Knight Frank & Rutley's lettings in Chelsea, admits that fewer Americans are coming over, but those who move here are renting, not buying as they did in the boom years of 1987 and 1988.

b. “I want it all,” I said. “You always do,” Hawk said.

3. Ellipsis: The following examples contain various kinds of ellipsis. Say for each instance whether it is a verb, noun or clause ellipsis. For each kind of ellipsis, write the words that can fill the gap .

a. Many OAPs still have a hard time making ends meet- but some are sitting on a small fortune. During the last property boom they saw the value of their homes soar.

b. The PM has been wise enough to call for a 'bipartisan' approach, and the leader of the opposition wise enough to concur.

c. One female marine, Jacqueline Bowling, said: “I do not think I have any more fears than the guys have. I think we have the same feelings.”Her husband, who serves at a post not far from hers, disagreed, and was unhappy to find that his wife had been assigned so close to the front.“I guess that is where the male ego kicks in,” his wife explained.