In all processes the internal energy change is the same. If
the thermodynamic process
in the system is cyclic, the change in its total internal energy is zero,
i.e.
0
0
1
2
du
и
и
(4.6)
2. Heat and work
Heat is one of the most important concepts of thermodynamics. The concept of heat
is essentially close to the concept of work. Both heat and work are forms of energy
transfer. Therefore, it does not make any sense to say that the body has a reserve of
heat or work. It can only be said that a certain amount of heat or work is given to (or
removed from) a body.
From the results of his measurements, Joule calculated the quantity A, which
is called the thermal equivalent of work,
and the quantity J, which is called the
mechanical equivalent of heat:
A=0,002345 kkal/(kgk
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