Grace грация, и

Trip n.: a journey, an excursion, freq. a brief one, made by land or water; e.g. Did you enjoy your week-end trip to the sea-side?
Tour n.: a journey in which a short stay is made at a number of places, (usu. with the view of sightseeing), the traveller finally returning to the place from which he had started; e.g. On our Sothern-England tour we visited Windsor, Oxford, Cambridge, Stratford-on-Avon and then came back to London.
Cruise n.: a sea voyage from port to port, esp. a pleasure trip; e.g. The Mediterranean cruise promised many interesting impressions.
Hitch-hiking n.: travelling by getting free rides in passing automobiles and walking between rides; e.g. Hitch-hiking is a comparatively new way of travelling which gives one a chance to see much without spending anything.

And now try your hand, filling in the right words from the list above and translating them.

1. 
   I’d be delighted to go on a sea _____ , but my wife has never been a good sailor, so we can’t join you.
   
2. 
   Last week we made a wonderful _____ to the mountains. It took us four hours by coach.
   
3. 
   The Italian _____ was really exciting. We visited a number of wonderful towns and then returned to Rome.
   
4. 
   The _____ back to Moscow by railway took us three days.
   
5. 
   It is delightful to come ashore after a long _____ and to feel solid ground under one’s foot.
   
6. 
   Many times on his long ______ in the depths of Africa, in the jungle of the Amazon he faced danger, starvation and death.
   
7. 
   At the beginning of the last century going from Petersburg to Moscow was described as a _____ .
   
8. 
   Now it is but a night’s ______ by night train, a six-hour ______ by day train or an air _____ of an hour and a half.
   
9. 
   I’m just reading a very amusing book about a pleasure party, making a Caribbean _____ in somebody’s yacht.
   
10. 
    Young people are naturally fond of ______ as a way of visiting new places and seeing things it is cheap and gives one a feeling of freedom and infinite horizons.
    
11. 
    I’m told you are going on a _____ to the Far East.
    
12. 
    They’re planning a ______ of some Baltic resorts. They’ve a new car, you know.
    
13. 
    You’re looking pale. A _______ to the seaside will do you good.
    

Lecture №1

TRANSLATION OF LEXICAL UNITS

Generally speaking, the meaning of any word in the text cannot be understood and translated without due regard to the specific context in which it is actualized. Some words, however, are less sensitive to the contextual influence than others. There are words with definite meanings which are retained in most contexts and are relatively context-free. There are the following types of correspondences between the elements of the SL and TL lexical systems in the process of translations:

1) Permanent equivalents are context-free words, identical in their full semantic scope of meanings in SL and TL. This group is made up of:

1.1 Proper and geographical names: e.g.: Brown - Браун; Margaret Thatcher – Маргарет Тэчер, John .Fitzgerald .Kennedy (J.F.K) – Джон Фитцджеральд Кеннеди, Rhode Island - Род Айленд, New York – Нью Йорк, etc.
1.2. The titles of periodicals and the names of firms and corporations: e.g.: Life - "Лайф", General Motors Corporation - "Дженерал Моторс Корпорэйшн",The Daily Telegraph - Английская консервативная газета, Time - американский. журнал "Тайм"
There is no necessity in an attempt to absolutely exhaust the linguistic aspect of the content of the text. Before rendering a certain element of the text into the TL, one should weigh up the necessity of its translation. Let’s consider the ways ro translate the English phrase One year alone increased the Californian Survival Co. Profits four-fold. Here we offer the following translation: "Только за один год прибыли калифорнийской компании "Сервайвал выросли в четыре раза".We see from our translation that there is no need to render the segment the Californian Survival Co. with the explanation of the meaning of the word Survival, as “калифорнийская компания Сервайвал, что обозначает «выживание»”.
1.3 The names of ships, aircrafts, missiles and pieces of military equipment : Queen Elisabeth - "Куин Елизабет", Spitfire - "Спитфайр", Honest John - "Онест Джон"
1.4 The names of political parties, trade unions and similar bodies:The republican Party - Республиканская партия, The United Workers Union объединенный профсоюз, Federal Bureau of Investigation - Федеральное бюро расследований.
1.5 Terminological words which help to identify the specific field of science: magnitude - величина, oxygen – кислород.