Grammar book for teaching
have / be + fun / a good time /
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Grammar book for teaching materials
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have / be + fun / a good time /
problem / trouble / difficulty / a hard time / a difficult time + gerund It is no fun having to work on Sundays. We had a good time playing football with them. Parents often have trouble finding restaurants that welcome young children. She had great difficulty finding a job. We didn’t have any problem finding the house.
We spent so much money redecorating the house. He has wasted his time doing unnecessary things. Don’t waste your time watching TV It is a waste of her talents dealing with such filthy things. It is a waste of time chatting all the time. He spends two hours a day traveling. He doesn’t spend much time preparing his lessons. We wasted a whole afternoon trying to repair the car. He spent a lot of money modernizing the house. go / come + gerund (physical activity words and shopping) go shopping / climbing / swimming – бозор килгани / токка чиккани / чумилгани бормок They are going riding. Come dancing. I am going shopping this afternoon. go/come + bird watching hiking sightseeing boating hunting skating bowling jogging skiing camping mountain climbing sledding canoeing running swimming dancing sailing tobogganing fishing shopping window-shopping
We decided to go boating on the lake. They used to go camping in Spain they were young. We could go tobogganing on Primrose Hill. Will you come sledding with us? He goes jogging for half an hour before breakfast.
be busy + with + gerund/noun Biror narsa qilish bilan band bo’lmoq. She is busy writing out the wedding invitations. He was too busy talking to notice us come in. She was / is busy packing.
remember + (not) gerund forget
Ушбу курилмада герундий шаклидаги иш харакат regret / remember / forget иш харакатларидан аввал содир булган. Сузловчи аввал содир булган харакатларни эслайди / унутади ва ундан афсусланади. I regret spending so much money. = I’m sorry I spend so much money. (spending-1st, regret-2nd action) I always regret not studying harder at school. (not studying – 1st, regret – 2nd action) I remember reading about the earthquake in papers. (reading – 1st, remember – 2nd action)
regret remember + (not) infinitive forget
British Airways regret to announce the cancellation of the flight. (regret – 1st; to announce – 2nd) I will remember to ring Bill. (remember – аввалги иш харакат) I remember / didn’t forget to lock the door. (then I locked) We regret to say that you have failed your exam. ТАККОСЛАНГ: She remembered locking the door. (У эшикни кулфлаганини эслади.) She remembered to lock the door. (У эшикни кулфлашни эслади.)
I regret to tell you this. (мен буни сизга айтишга афсусланаман.) E. TRY, MEAN, GO ON
TRY try + infinitive try = attempt (харакат килмок) They tired to put wire netting all round the garden. (They attempted to do this.) I tried to get into the academy last year. (I attempted to get into the academy.) Try to block out everything else and concentrate.
try = make the experiment (синаб курмок) They tried putting wire netting all round the garden. (They tried to see if it would solve their problem.) You should try using a different shampoo. Why don’t we try riding a bicycle to go there? ФАРКЛАНГ: Tim is a student and he has a limited budget. He rides a bus to university. Because: He tries to save money. He tries to cover all the expenses. (b) Tim always drives his car to work. The price of gas has gone up twice and he has spent a lot on gas. But tomorrow he wants to ride a bus to see if it will save some money. So: He will try riding a bus. ёки He will try going by bus. MEAN mean + infinitive mean = intend (ният килмок / бирор иш харакатни атайин килмокчи булмок) I mean to get to the top by sunrise. I really didn't mean to offend her - I just said it unthinkingly. It was an innocent remark; I didn't mean to hurt his feelings.
mean = involve (билдирмок, ичига олмок)
If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving the house at 6.00. GO ON go on + gerund go on = continue (аввалдан давом этиб кел(аёт)ган иш харакатни давом эттирмок)
before.) – У бахтсиз ходисании гапириб беришда давом этди. You really can’t go on working so hard constantly. (Сен бунчалик каттик ишлашда давом эта олмайсан.) go on + infinitive go on = = introduce a new aspect (...га утмок / аввалдан давом этиб кел(аёт)ган иш харакатдан бошка бирига утмок) He went on to talk about his accident (У бахтсиз ходисани гапиришга утиб кетди.)
She admitted her company’s responsibility for the disaster and went on to explain how compensation would be paid to the victims. He began by showing us where the island was and went on to tell us about its climate. – У бизга орол каерда жойлашганлигини курсатишдан бошлаб, оролнинг иклими тугрисида айтиб беришга утиб кетди.) F. BE AFRAID (OF), BE SORRY (FOR), BE ASHAMED (OF)
BE AFRAID (OF) be afraid of + gerund Бирор бир иш харакат содир булишидан эга куркиши, чучишини ифодалайди хамда герундий шаклда ифодаланган харакатлар эганинг хохишига боглик боглик булмаган ноатайин харакатлардир: He never swam gar out. He was afraid of getting cramp. (У томир тортишиб колишидан куркарди.) I have always been afraid of flying. (Мен доим учишдан куркардим.) She avoids lonely streets. She is afraid of being mugged. (Уни угирлаб кетишларидан куркади.) She didn’t tell him because she was afraid of upsetting him. (У уни хафа килишдан куркарди.)
He was afraid to jump. (У сакрашга куркди ва шунинг учун сакрамади.) She was afraid to protest. (У каршилик килишга куркди ва шунинг учун каршилик килмади.) Don’t be afraid to say what you think. (Уйлаётганингизни айтишга куркманг.)
BE SORRY (FOR) be sorry for + gerund аввал содир этилган иш харакат учун кечирим сураш, афсусланиш:
to make such a noise – 1st action; to be sorry – 2nd action I am sorry for treating him badly. (Мен унга ёмон муносабатда булганлигимдан афсусдаман.) She was sorry for not informing you. (У сизни хабардор килганлидан афсусда эди.)
бирор иш харакат содир этишга (-дан) хафалик; be sorry ва infinitive бир вактда содир бул(а)ди:
I was sorry to see him looking ill. We are both sorry to inform you that there has been an accident. I am sorry to say that he won’t go with us. BE ASHAMED (OF) be ashamed of + gerund аввал содир этилган иш харакатдан уялмок, узини гунохкор хис килмок: You should be ashamed of lying to him. (Сен алдаганингдан уялиш керак) to lie – 1st action; to tell – 2nd action She was ashamed of talking to her mother like that. (У онасига бундай гапирганлигидан уялди / узини гунохкор хис килди.) to talk to her mother – 1st action; be ashamed of – 2nd action be ashamed + infinitive бирор иш харакат содир этишга уялмок, узини гунохкор хис килмок I am ashamed to tell you what this carpet cost. (мен сизга бу гилам канчага тушганини айтишга уяламан) to be ashamed – 1st action; to tell – 2nd action I am ashamed to ask for help. (Мен ёрдам сурашга уяламан.) I am ashamed to be seen with you when you behave so badly. INDERECT SPEECH – УЗЛАШТИРМА ГАП Узгаларнинг гапини икки хил усулда ифодалаш мумкин: Кучирма гап тарзида яъни бировларнинг гапини хеч узгаришсиз ифодалаш; Узлаштирма гап тарзида , яъни бировларнинг гапини сузловчи узига мослаштирган холда ифода этади. He said, “I have lost my umbrella”. Ушбу гапда “I have lost my umbrella” кучирма гапдир. He said – бош гап. He said that he had lost his umbrella. – Ушбу гап узлаштирма гапдир. He said – бош гап. Узлаштирма гапда энг куп кулланадиган феъллар say ва tell феълларидир. Бошка мухим феъллар куйидагилардир: add complain point out say admit deny promise tell sb answer explain protest argue grumble remark assure sb object remind sb boast observe reply Кучирма гапдан узлаштирма гапни хосил килишда кучирма гап таркибида бир неча узгаришлар булади куйидагича амалга оширилади: бош гапннинг эгасига мос тарзда кучирма гапдаги олмошни хам узгартириш; бош гапнинг эгасига мос тарзда эгалик сифатларини узгартириш; бош гапнинг кесими замонига мос тарзда кучирма гап кесими замонини узгартириш; бош гапдаги кесим асосан 2 хил замонда ифодаланади: Present Simple ва Past Simple. бош гапни узлаштирма гапга боглаш учун that кулланади.(that – ихтиёрий тарзда тушириб колдирилиши мумкин.) A. Бош гап кесими хозирги замонда булса кучирма гап узлаштирма гапга айланганда замонда узгариш булмайди. Лекин олмошлар ва эгалик сифатлари узгариши сакланиб колади. He says, “I know her”. = He says (that) he knows her. He says, “I shall be there”. = He says (that) he will be there. Tom says, “I’ll never get married”. = Tom says that he will never get married. Paul: I am trying to get a taxi. Ann: Paul says he is trying to get a taxi. She says, “I will inform the authorities about the change”. = He says that she will inform the authorities. She says, “I have made the right decision”. = She says that she has made the right decision.
secretary reminded Truman that he had to call Mr. Hardy that day. "I'm going out this evening, " she said.= She said that she was going out that evening. B. Бош гап кесими асосан утган замонда ифодаланади. У холда кучирма гап кесими замонининг утган замони узлаштирма гапда кулланилиши керак:
Direct speech – Кучирма гап Indirect speech – Узлаштирма гап am/ is was are were
start started break broke know knew will would shall should/ would can could may/ might might wrote had written lost had lost
Present Simple Past Simple “I never eat meat”, he explained. = He explained that he never ate meat.
“I’m waiting for Ann”, he said. = He said (that) he was waiting for Ann. Present Perfect Past Perfect “I have found a flat”, he said. = He said (that) he had found a flat. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous He said “I’ve been waiting for ages”. = He said he had been waiting for ages. Past Simple Past Perfect “I took it home with me”, she said. = She said she had taken it home with her. Future Continuous Conditional “I will be using the car myself = She said she would be using the car on the 24th ”, she said. on the 24th.
He said, “I will / shall be in Vienna = She said she would be in Vienna on Monday ”. on Monday.
I said, “I would/ should like to see it”. = I said I would/ should like to see it. NOTE:Download 0.71 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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