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- B. Ozerskyj THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON August 22, 1984 I am delighted to extend warmest greetings to all those gathered in
- Developments in Europe and the USSR
Why is this so? The 50 or so million Ukrainians living in the Soviet Union form by far the largest non-Russian nation in the Soviet Russian empire and their nationalism is far from spent. In actual fact national and relig ious feeling in Ukraine is still very persist ent indeed and hence forms a great hindrance to Moscow, which has not ceased to find it a serious threat — serious enough to warrant any possible means in the eyes of the Russians to destroy it and its roots. The Russian authorities are also well aware that in recent years Ukrainian op position has been especially unequivocal about demanding independence from Moscow and has made every effort to widen the social base of the Ukrainian opposition movement. Ukraine has always stood in the fore front of opposition to Russian assimila- tionist policies and forced russification. In the 1970s the authorities decided to intensify their efforts to integrate the multiple nations forming the Soviet Union by transforming them into a single Rus sian-speaking “Soviet People”. With Ukrainian resistance and opposition Rus sia’s plans cannot succeed. Therefore, such great importance is placed on destroying Ukrainian nationalism and opposition, and the political prisoners, who embody and personify it and act as the nation’s spokesmen with the authorities. In 1979 the KGB launched a major at tack against all forms of opposition in the Soviet Union. Ukrainians were especially hard hit by this new wave of repression. For instance over twenty members of the Ukrainian Helsinki monitoring group were imprisoned, over half of them re ceiving sentences of 10 years or more. In addition many Ukrainian political prison ers received additional sentences to pro long their imprisonment and hence curtail their influence on the movement of op position in Ukraine. Religious believers, especially Protestant communities and the 6 outlawed Ukrainian Catholic Church be came persecuted on a scale unmatched anywhere else in the Soviet Union. Ty- khyj, Lytvyn and Marchenko also fell victim to this latest wave of arrests and persecution of activists in Ukraine. Although their deaths have been report ed in the Western press, they are usually said to have died from natural causes. On the surface this is very true indeed, but one must look deeper into all the circumstances surrounding their deaths in order to get a better picture of the true nature of the facts. All three were in fact tortured to death both mentally and physically in a long- drawn-out process of lengthy sentences closely followed by additional sentences to keep them permanently out of the way, and prevent them from “causing trouble”. In the hard labour camps where they stayed, the three men were constantly de prived of proper food and greatly needed medical care and facilities, despite being seriously ill suffering from diseases ac quired during earlier terms of imprison ment. They were constantly subjected to acute suffering and maltreatment as well as other forms of physical and moral brutality, and they were made to work in the severe climatic conditions of Si beria in total disregard of their critical health conditions. This treatment was designed to either force them to recant or else to die a slow and agonising death. All three, however, preferred to die rather than recant. They were unwilling to break under the severe stress of the physical and mental torture and brutality they had to endure, which after long periods of pre vious imprisonment were already becoming unbearable, and thus betray the ideals which they had defended unfalteringly for so long. Oleksa Tykhyj was compelled to go on a 50-day full hunger strike in protest of the excessive treatment he was receiving from the camp staff; Yurij Lytvyn, unable to stand any more mental and physical torture, was forced to take his own life, and Valerij Marchenko was made to die by the authorities through excess brutality and deprivation of indispensible medical assistance when in a critical state of ill ness. The circumstances surrounding the deaths of these three men paint a vivid picture of the common practice, especially so in the most recent years, of the de struction of political prisoners in the Soviet Union by the Russian authorities and the KGB. This has been going on for some time but the tragic deaths of three prominent Ukrainian human and national rights campaigners in the space of a single year clearly exposes this bar baric practice. Another victim of Russian oppression, Yurij Shukhevych, the son of General Roman Shukhevych, Commander-in-Chief of the UP A, who has spent over 30 years in Russian prisons and concentration camps since the age of 14, has now become completely blind. Yet, since this occurred in 1982, he has not been released but continues to be detained in exile in Si beria. How long can he survive? Who is next on the list destined for the slow road to destruction? Save us unnecessary expenses! Send in your subscription for ABN Correspondence immediately! 7 The Situation in Ukraine and in the Empire The bankruptcy of the bolshevik system in Ukraine and in the empire as a whole is evidenced by the fact that Moscow is compelled to strengthen even more the russification of the nations subjugated by it. This testifies that Moscow is no longer able to mobilise the people of the subjugated nations with its com munist ideas and, in order to preserve the empire, it has to appeal to its historical Russian chauvinism, without disguising it in any way, and thus enabling it to mobilise the Russian people. After forcibly imposing a Russian Communist way of life, Moscow enslaved nations by forms and contents unnatural for them in all spheres of life. This causes the subjugated nations to constantly oppose this system with its own so cial, cultural and economic structures. For example, such inherent structures are the Ukrainian Autocephalic Orthodox Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, the principle of ownership and heritage, freedom and democracy. The analogical anti-Russian structures exist in all the subjugated nations, and in particular, in the Islamic nations. The constant and continuous strive for private ownership of land and its obvious higher productivity over the kolkhoz system corroberates the existence of the nucleus of such national structures. Similarly, the strikes which lately once again took place in the industrious towns of Ukraine (Kryvyj Rih, Kyiv) confirm that the workers oppose the imposed Russian economical structures. The fact that the change of these structures is not possible without the destruction of the political and military occupation, without national liberation, renders a national political character to every action, namely, the concentration of all the processes in one direction — the re gaining of the Ukrainian State. This awareness is growing more and more in the Ukrainian nation and there is nothing anyone or anything can do to stop it, no terror whatsoever, for the whole unnatural occupational system alone creates such a situation. This system cannot be changed by itself. Manoeuvering from the partial de-centralisation of economy, started by Andropov at the be ginning of 1984 and confirmed by the Politburo later in August of 1984, to a renewed reversal to complete centralisation, which happened in October during a Plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, testifies to the magic circle of the system from which there is no escape, for the USSR is not a homogeneous state, but an empire. The de-centralisation of the economy would mean the dilapidation of the system at its basis. Again centralisation with the aid of force leads and has for decades already led to the regression of the economy and in particular of agriculture in comparison to the Western countries. For the time being, the old system is maintained, the severe centralisation of all spheres of life is preserved, which is more natural to the Russian way of life. Flowever, this is unnatural for all the other nations and is the cause of constant clashes inside the empire. In order to keep the Russian people in a constant mes- sianistic mood, new aggressions and further expansions are necessary. However, this again complicates the situation for the ruling nation, which can no longer trust anyone except itself, and has to have its own people, Rus sians, everywhere as prison-guards in the nations it is always conquering. This also broadens the front of the subjugated nations, mobilises the increasing number 8 of the new threatened nations, and thus the front of Russia’s enemies is con stantly growing. The proportion of the population of the subjugated nations to the subjugators is continually growing to the detriment of the conquerors. Thus, this is the new magic circle of the empire, after the economical one, from which there is no escape. The present situation in Poland is a characteristic example of the internal problems in the empire. At the beginning, “Solidarity” made a fundamental mistake when negotiating with Jaruzelski, by regarding him as a Polish partner. In reality, however, they were negotiating with the Russians, — Jaruzelski as their proxy. The outcome of this was martial law and the outlawing of “Soli darity”. The Russian communist system only knows a mono rule, and no two centres of power, and certainly no three sources of power which was what Poland had — the system, the Catholic Church and “Solidarity”. With the aid of brutal force, the Polish national movement was suppressed, but not liquidat ed. The principle teachings which Polish patriots received during this period was that Poland cannot liberate itself from the Russian orbit, in spite of its situation being much better from that of Ukraine, because it has an open door to the West, religious life goes on more or less normally and cultural activity develops to no lesser degree in the Polish spirit. Such a liberation is only possible in a common front together with all the other subjugated nations, and this concept of ours receives more and more supporters among Polish political circles, in particular in underground centres inside the country. This turn of events is also useful for our struggle because it strengthens the front against our principle enemy — Russia. The Polish patriots’ resort to the underground and their con cept of a further struggle in a common front with the other nations is, on the one hand, a great danger to the Russian occupants and, on the other, a great strengthening of all the subjugated nations. It is now vital to strengthen the ripening of the revolutionary situation among the subjugated nations and to co-ordinate the activities of the under ground movements. This ripening takes place also with the help of the smallest of acts and slogans in all spheres of life of the subjugated nations, directed against the occupants and for the strengthening of national feelings, national pride, patriotism and readiness to sacrifice one’s life for the benefit of the na tion. In order to illustrate the feeling of the population in Ukraine and their aims and demands to us abroad, we will quote excerpts from two most recent documents received from the Ukrainian underground: “The system of educating children and adults, which was meant to replace religious rituals with Soviet state feasts and new rituals, as for example, the several-day feast on the occasion of the 1st of May, the Soviet state ritual wed ding ceremony, the ceremony of giving names to children, did not satisfy the population, nor did it fulfill the vacuum after the forceful removal of religious beliefs. The youth is searching for an enrichment of spiritual life, in the resto ration of ancient Ukrainian national customs (carol singing, meetings on the festival of Kupalo*) and of religious beliefs. They marry secretly in church and * Ancient custom before Christianity. The youth assembled on the river banks with the girls making wreaths of flowers and throwing them in the river. Depending in which direction the wreaths floated, was where their fate lay. 9 baptize their children. Some search for truth in religious denominations etc. Copies of Oleksa Woropay’s ethnographical outline “The Customs of our People” deserve to be disseminated in Ukraine. In addition, there is a great demand for good contemporary literature and historical works. There is a grow ing feeling that Ukraine is the first legal and direct heir of Kyivan Rus tradi tions and all of those previous pre-roots and strata which it poured into its state and cultural organism. Therefore, Russian scholars resort to falsification when they name everything belonging to Rus, “Russian”, speculating that this nuance of such great importance will go unnoticed by the foreign reader and, thus, the identification of everything pertaining to Rus with that of Russian will be consolidated. The millenium of the Christianization of Ukraine-Rus creates a perfect occasion and can be exploited as the beginning of a new great upheaval of the consciousness and spiritual regeneration of Ukrainians in Ukraine and everywhere else. Already at this moment Ukraine is waiting for Ukrainian Bibles. It is interesting to note that on the black market, we are told, that the price of one Bible even reaches as much as a two-month salary, namely, several hundred rubles. The newspaper “Schlach Peremohy” (emigre Ukrainian newspaper — Ed.) and others achieve a great deal by leading sharp, well-argumented polemics with different falsifications, political lies and demagogy of Soviet political publica tions, when they correct the facts and reveal the truth. They do this well. This is very useful and should be continued, just as the chronicles about the repres sions in the Soviet Union should. There is a great need for spreading the truth about the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) among the wide circles of the Ukrainian population, in particular among the youth and other nationalities, the showing of these heroic historical efforts as opposed to the version that they were “bandits” and served Hitler etc. The truth about them, as the military force of the nation which searched for its own way to a free existence, waging war against all its enemies, should be made available to the new up-coming ge neration. Equally, purely historical works, memoirs — recollections of participants, eye-witnesses and inmates of the Hitler concentration camps could play a very important role. To bring the truth to the Ukrainian reader also means the publishing of the works of all those prominent writers of the past and recent past, while there is a tendency to erradicate their traces in literature and in the literary conscious ness of the nation, as well as the works of those unsubdued creators of the pre sent, who do not fit in within the framework of the “ideological demands”. Therefore, they are either physically persecuted or thrown outside the borders of literary life, their works are not printed and they are not able to take part in normal literary life.”. The second document which correctly evaluates the situation within the empire, also evaluates the international situation and the role of the Ukrainian emigration: “In our opinion, the political policy of detente and balance of power cannot be an alternative to a nuclear war because it threatens the destruction of the whole world. The only possible way to avoid a nuclear war and to bring into effect the UN Resolution on de-colonisation is to take advantage of the libera 10 tion movements of the subjugated nations in their aim for the dissolution of the empire and the restoration on their territories of national, independent states. The Ukrainian emigration should play a particular role in this matter. It should spread these ideas among the nations of the Free World, as well as the concept of the ABN, for only through common endeavours of all the nations can this aim be achieved. There is no successful struggle for human rights in the sub jugated nations, but there exists the problem of the struggle for independent, national states in which only then could the individual completely enjoy human rights. The struggle of the subjugated nations for the dissolution of the Russian empire also gives Western nations the chance to avoid a nuclear war and guar antees peace for many years to come. We believe that the Free World will under stand this and support our struggle for a Ukrainian independent State and for independent states of the other subjugated nations in the Russian colonial empire.” As we can see from the above 2 documents by Ukrainian patriots in Ukraine, the Ukrainian nation, in spite of the severe conditions under Russian occupation, does not only refuse to succumb to the enemy, but also finds the strength for offensive actions in all spheres of life in Ukraine and generates great ideas and a strategical platform for the salvation of the whole world from the threat of Russian imperialism. It is our sacred duty to completely and totally support this struggle of our nation until its final victory — the regaining of the Ukrainian Independent Sovereign State with a democratic order. B. Ozerskyj THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON August 22, 1984 I am delighted to extend warmest greetings to all those gathered in Cleveland for the Sixteenth Convention of Byelorussians of North America. Since its founding in 1949, the Byelorussian-American Association has played a significant role in preserving and advancing the ethnic heritage of its members while simultaneously developing citizens dedicated to the ideals of liberty and self-government upon which this nation was founded. I commend organizations such as yours which contribute in so many important ways to the well-being of our com munities and our society. You have my best wishes for a productive and enjoyable convention and for every continued success in the years ahead. Ronald Reagan 11 Z. Karpyshyn (USA) Developments in Europe and the USSR Recent events and the current political and economic situation in Europe offer substantial evidence of the correct theo retical and practical positions of the European Freedom Council concerning Europe’s future. This can be clearly seen in such recent Soviet Russian actions as the denial of permission for Pope John Paul II to visit Lithuania, that Soviet Russian commando visits are continuing to penetrate neutral Sweden’s territorial waters, continued Soviet Russian attacks, not only at Chancellor Kohl’s West Ger man government, but also directed against Erich Honecker, the East German Com munist leader, repeated protests by them of the strengthening of NATO through conventional and atomic weapons and, finally, by their boycott of the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles last year. Coupled with these actions are repeated attacks by the Moscow press, not only against President Reagan, but also against President Mitterand of France and the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. All of the above actions by the Soviet Russians clearly indicate the bankruptcy of their political and economic system and their xenophobic fear that it is on the verge of destruction. To further clarify the EFC’s position on these events, it is necessary to analyze them to a certain degree and place them in their proper perspective. The reasons for the refusal to grant the Pope permission to visit Lithuania last year to commemorate the 500th anni versary of the death of Lithuania’s Patron Saint, St. Casimir by the Soviet Russians are quite obvious. Firstly, the Lithuanian nation, which is predominantly Roman Catholic, and enjoyed national inde pendence from 1918 to 1940, became a Soviet Socialist Republic in 1944 as a result of occupation by the Soviet Russian Army. Contrary to the Yalta Agreement, no free elections were held, but a puppet government was formed which “voted” to be incorporated into the USSR. Lithuania has a proud historical, cultural and re ligious heritage. A visit by the Pontiff would severely undermine the 40 years of extensive effort at russification, cultural and national genocide. His participation in ceremonies commemorating their Patron Saint, could only strengthen the national aspirations of the Lithuanian people. This would in turn affect not only Lithuania, but the other subjugated na tions as well. Secondly, a Papal visit in side the USSR would set a precedent for other papal visits to other religious com memorations in the other republics of the USSR. It should be noted that in 1988 Ukraine will be celebrating the 1000th anniversary of its Christianization. Such religious observances cannot be separated from the national, historical and cultural values of a nation and serve as a means of strengthening the resolve of the subjugat ed nations for national independence. Clearly Moscow, while allowing these observances to be celebrated in its satellite states, because its bankrupt policy of So- vietization, cannot pursue this within the USSR itself, where a s.c. “Soviet people” is forcibly being created. Finally, the refusal of the government of the USSR to grant permission for the Papal visit gives clear evidence of the failure of the Vati can’s Ost-Politik. This policy of attempting to reach agreement with the governments of the satellite states and the USSR was from its onset doomed to failure. The totalita rian government of the USSR, based as it is on atheistic, non-humanitarian prin ciples can never enter into any binding Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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