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Man becomes the enemy.
Exploration can have a negative impact, though human touch can cause severe degeneration in natural cave features due to their fragility. They may also restrict their.
What to take with you.
Since darkness reigns underground, the most essential piece of caving equipment is a light source. Nowadays, modern specialized lamps have replaced the traditional light carried on the caver’s helmet, if the lamp fails, a caver uses torches as back-up. Cavers also wear insulating thermal underwear, water resistant outdoor gear and strong boots. In caves with vertical sections, where caving is similar to rock climbing, a climbing harness is often used.
Staying safe underground
Cave exploration may involve potentially fatal dangers. Extreme physical and psychological tiredness, rock falls, flooding and accidents are some of the hazards which cavers have to confront. However, if cavers take suitable precautions these risks can be minimalized. Also, cavers must remain aware of their personal limitations at all times. Responsible caving involves sticking to some key safety precautions. For instance, people should always explore caves in groups, never by themselves, and each group should include an experienced leader. It is also vital that people above ground should be aware of who is underground and where they are. Therefore, if necessary, emergency rescue services can be notified promptly.
What to do an emergency
Despite all these safeguards, accidents to happen, though rarely. Unfortunately, an injured or sick caver’s condition can rapidly deteriorate in a hostile environment in such cases, the injured individual must be brought to the surface quickly. This requires experienced cave rescue teams. These teams are highly skilled, well-trained and have easy access to appropriate rescue equipment. In spite of this, cave rescues can be hazardous(dangerous), costly and time-consuming.
The wide appeal of caving
Many cavers are keen to survey hitherto unexplored caves. This demands persistence patience and a systematic approach extensive background research of the area is needed. Then local landowners and caving experts should be consulted. Despite all this effort, it can be highly rewarded to discover a previously unknown underground treasure. After new caves have been found, they are systematically surveyed and mapped. Cave mappers carry out the special task of identifying the caves which are suitable for exploration if they are safe enough, new caves are included in the area’s network of local caves.

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