I m p e r I a L g a z e t t ee r o f I n d I a vol. X i I i
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- HYDERABAD CIT) 3 21
- VOL. XIII. Y
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Sakrand . . 494
2 3
/ 2 "5 5 s | Moro . . 4/7
2 3
93
545
3 0 T 132 Si •9
321 iSS 7
53 38
93 1 110 49
Total 7*936* 3.45
‘ This differs from the area shown at the Census of 1901, being based upon more recent information. The principal crops are: jowar (163 square miles), bajra (504), rice (319), wheat (138), cotton (143), and oilseeds (149). Wheat and
are the staples of the north, bajra of the central or Hala sub division, and rice and
of the south. The area under cultivation is gradually increasing, more especially in the Jamrao tract, where the water-supply is assured. Garden cultivation is limited to the neigh bourhood of large towns, where vegetables are grown to a small extent. Sugar-cane is raised in the south. Large advances have been made under the Land Improvements and Agriculturists’ Loans Acts, amounting during the decade ending 1903-4 to 7^ lakhs, of which one lakh was advanced in 1S99-1900, 1-9 lakhs in 1902-3, and one lakh in 1903-4. The domestic animals include the horse, camel, bullock, buffalo, donkey, sheep, and goat. Camels and bullocks are used for draught, and in turning water-wheels for the irrigation of land. Agriculture in Hyderabad is chiefly dependent upon artificial irriga tion, and is regarded as a lottery in which the cultivator stakes his labour and seed 011 the chance of getting an exactly suitable flood. TRADE AND COMMUNICATIONS 3*7
If the water rises too high, or not sufficiently high, the cultivator loses his crop. The mud flats of the Indus are cultivated without irriga tion, as the river recedes. The District contains a number of wells, especially in the Naushahro subdivision, which are utilized in growing rabi crops (especially wheat). There are 281 canals, all of which are fed by the Indus and are Government property. In addition to these, numerous smaller canals and watercourses are the property of land holders. Of the Government canals, 35 are main channels, which tap the Indus direct; the remainder are connecting branches. Of the total cultivated area, 1,478 square miles, or 42 per cent., were irrigated in 1903-4. The various sources of irrigation are: Government canals, 1,387 square miles; private canals, 2 square miles; wells, 13 square miles; and other sources, 76 square miles. Nearly 30 per cent, of the irrigated land is supplied by the F u l e l i C a n a l
, a large natural channel, which was formerly a branch of the Indus on the left bank of that river, taking off 5 miles north of Kotri. Its course, which is south-easterly, runs through portions of the Tando subdivision. About 101 canals and distributaries are taken directly from it. It is now a perennial canal, and steam-launches have recently been introduced for navigation, which is possible as far as Talhar, 44 miles from Hyderabad, for launches, and 20 miles farther for cargo boats. The J a m r a o C a n a l , recently completed, supplies more than 86 square miles. Of the other canals that supply the District, the chief are : the Nasrat (83 square miles), the Great Marak (61), the Gharo Mahmudo (104), the Dad (r 1S), the Naulakhi (84), the Nasir Wah (54), and the Sarfraz (45). Forests cover an aggregate area of 228 square miles. They skirt the Indus from the Naushahro down to the Tando subdivision. Many of them are of considerable extent, especially in the Naushahro sub division, those of Bhour, Bhorti, Khairodero, and Mari being each above 10,000 acres in area. The revenue derived from these forests in 1903-4 amounted to 1-45 lakhs. The chief indigenous trees are the pipal, turn ,
or black-wood,
,
babul, and several varieties of tamarisk. Among the mineral productions of the District may be mentioned
, a kind of fuller’s earth, which is dug from mines in the Ganjo hills near Hyderabad. Salt of an excellent quality is found 011 the Rann of Cutcb, but the deposits are too remote to be worked with profit. The manufactures of the District, once famous, are in a state of decline. The Hyderabad tdluka still enjoys much of its old pre eminence for lacquered woik. In the days of the a d e and
Mirs, arms made at Hyderabad city were also held commun
i ca tions. in the highest esteem; but, owing to the reduced demand for chain armour, shields, and sabres under British rule, the trade is now in abeyance. In the llala subdivision, the special features
HYDERABAD DISTRICT of the local industries are striped and brilliant cloths known as susls and
khes, and also glazed pottery. The latter work is turned to various ornamental purposes, especially tiling, and is remarkable for excellence of both glaze and colour. In nearly all parts of the District some industry is carried on; blankets, coarse cotton cloths, camel saddles, rugs, felt, and metal-work being perhaps the commonest products. In 1905 there were 24 cotton-ginning factories in the District, giving employment to nearly 4,200 persons. The transit trade is considerable, the chief centre of distribution being Hyderabad city. The chief imports are cotton, sugar, spices, and English-made articles, and the chief exports are cotton, wheat, oilseeds, and millet; the three first go to Europe, and the last to Cutch and the desert portion of Thar and Parkar. Twenty fairs, lasting from three to fifteen days, are held in the District. The Indus is navigable by country boats at all times of the year. The North-Western Railway connects Hyderabad city with Karachi and Rohri, crossing the river at Kotri. A branch of this railway, which until 1901 ended at Shadipali, has been replaced by a narrow-gauge line giving connexion with Bombay by means of the Jodhpur-Blkaner line, thus opening up the eastern portion of the District. The southern portion, forming the Tando subdivision, is being connected by a broad- gauge line with Bombay, now open from Hyderabad to Badin. The total length of roads is 2,275 miles, of which 37 are metalled. Of the total length, 28 miles are maintained by the Public Works department, and the remainder by local boards. The chief roads are those from Hyderabad to Kandiaro, and from Hyderabad to Badin. Avenues of trees are maintained on 322 miles. The Collector has a staff of three Assistant Collectors for the Hala, Naushahro, and Tando subdivisions, and a Deputy-Collector for a por . . . tion of the Hala subdivision. Hala comprises the Administration, Hy^e^ad, Hala, Shahdadpur, and Tando Alahyar
Naushahro comprises Naushahro, Kandiaro, Moro, Nasrat, and Sakrand; Tando comprises Guni, Badin, Tando Bago, and Dero Mohbat with the Digri mahdl. A portion of the District irrigated by the Jamrao Canal is in charge of an officer called the ‘Colonization officer,
5 who is invested with the powers of a Collector and also administers the Nasrat
The District and Sessions Judge, who sits at Hyderabad city, is assisted by four Sub-Judges. The Subordinate Judge at Hyderabad hears suits valued at more than Rs. 5,000 for the whole District, and he alone of the Subordinate Judges is vested with appellate powers. All the Subordinate Judges are empowered to hear ‘small causes.’ Two Joint Subordinate Judges sit, one at Hala, the other at Naushahro, who hear such suits as may be transferred to them by the Subordinate ADMINISTRA TI ON 3*9
Judges of those two places. The District Judge alone can hear suits to which Government or its officials are parties. The crimes most prevalent are cattle-stealing, theft, and burglary. The land tenures are simple. Broadly speaking, all land is either ‘assessed’ or ‘alienated.’ In the former case, the land is cultivated sometimes by the zcimïndàr himself, but usually by tenants-at-will, who for their labour receive a share of the produce. The occupancy holder
is really a hereditary cultivator, for his rights are heritable and transferable ; and the
except as regards the actual payment of rent, has no power over him. The tenant-at-will
is legally the creature of the zam'mddr, but the large landholders in the District do not exercise their powers oppressively. The
zaminddr's own tenure is hardly more definite here than elsewhere in India, and whatever of certainty it possesses is owing entirely to British legislation. In the second class of lands (the ‘alienated’), there are three chief varieties : namely, jâgïrs, charitable grants, and garden grants. The jdgirs of the District at the first settlement under British rule were computed at 40 per cent, of the total area, but now only about 8 per cent, of the whole is ‘ alienated.’ They are either permanent and heritable, or granted for two lives only, or merely life grants. The last class is rapidly disappearing. The grants are liable to a cess of 5 per cent, for local purposes, and some pay besides to Government a percentage of the produce assessed according to their class, the maximum being one-fourth. The total area held on charitable grants is very small. Garden grants are held free of assessment so long as the gardens are properly maintained. Formerly the Government assessment was levied in kind, but since 1851 payment has been received in cash. The land assessment is levied on survey numbers or fields when cultivated, according to rates fixed at the time of the settlement for each kind of irrigation. To prevent a zamïndâr holding more land than he can cultivate, he is required to pay at least one assessment in five years, whether the land be cultivated or not. The first survey was carricd out between i860 and 1865. The rates were subsequently revised every ten years, simul taneously with the expiry of the irrigation settlements. The latest settlement rates show an increase of 11 per cent, during the ten years ending 1901-2. The current rates per acrc are: garden land, Rs. 3-4 (maximum Rs. 5-2, minimum Rs. 2-4) ; rice land, Rs. 3-2 (maximum Rs. 4-8, minimum Rs. 2-4); and ‘dry’ land, Rs. 2-1 (maximum Rs. 3-6, minimum R. 1-0). Collections on account of land revenue and revenue from all sources are given on the next page, in thousands of rupees. The municipalities are seven in number, viz. : H y d e r a b a d , T a n d o
3 2 ° IIYDERA BAD DISTRICT M uhammad K uan
, H ala
, M atiari
, T ando
A lahyar
, T ando
A dam
, and N
asarpur . The local affairs of the District outside the munici palities are managed by the District board and twelve tdluka boards, with receipts of 2-5 lakhs in 1903-4. Their expenditure in the same year amounted to 2-9 lakhs, of which 1-2 lakhs was spent on roads and buildings. The Local fund revenue is derived from the cess on land revenue, the 5 per cent, jdgir cess, and other miscellaneous sources. 18S0-1.
1903-4.
' Land revenue . . J r >95 35,56
37,87 4' ,45 i Total revenue . . 2 1 >54 47>
2 4 49, 2 7
The police force is in charge of a District Superintendent, with head-quarters at Hyderabad city, and an Assistant Superintendent. There are 25 police stations and 66 outposts in the District. The number of police, including 4 inspectors, is 1,121, of whom 17 are chief constables, 217 head constables, and 883 constables. The Central jail at Hyderabad city has accommodation for 865 prisoners, and the District jail at the same place has accommodation for 480. There are also eleven subsidiary jails in the District, in which 304 prisoners can be accommodated. An extra-mural gang of about 362 prisoners, in charge of an Assistant Surgeon, works in the District wherever its services are required. The daily average number of prisoners confined in 1904 was 1,040, of whom 12 were females. Hyderabad stands twenty-first among the twenty-four Districts of the Presidency in regard to the literacy of its population, of whom 3-13 per cent. (5-4 males and 0-3 females) are able to read and write. In 1S81 there were 98 schools with 5,501 pupils. The number of pupils rose to 14,342 in 1891 and to 19,481 in 1901. The District possessed 546 institutions in 1904. Of the 340 insti tutions classed as public, 4 are high schools, 7 middle schools, 322 primary schools, 3 training schools, and 4 other special schools. These were attended by 19,973 pupils (including 2,814 i n private schools), of whom 2,733 "'ere girls. Five are maintained by Government, 125 are managed by local boards, 20 by municipalities, 185 are aided and 5 unaided. The total expenditure on education is about 2^ lakhs, of which Rs. 40,000 is derived from fees. Of the total amount, 55 per cent, is devoted to primary schools. There are 17 dispensaries, one civil hospital, and one women’s hospital, with accommodation for 169 patients. The number of patients treated in 1904 was 108,914, of whom 2,286 were in-patients, and 7,778 operations were performed. The total expenditure on these institutions, excluding one private dispensary, was Rs. 42,595, of which Rs. 28,144 was met from Local and municipal funds. A lunatic asylum,
HYDERABAD CIT) 3 21 named after the donor, Sir Cowasji Jahangir, has accommodation for 170 patients, the number in 1904 being 153. The number of persons successfully vaccinated in 1903-4 was 18,927, representing a proportion of 19 per 1,000, which is below the average for the Presidency. [A. W. Hughes,
(1876).] Hyderabad Taluka. —
of Hyderabad District, Sind, Bom bay, lying between 25 0 io' and 25 0 33' N. and 68° 20' and 68° 45' E., w'ith an area of 398 square miles. It contains one town,
(population, 69,378), the District and tdlaka head-quarters; and 98 villages. The population in 1901 was 138,021, compared with 122,507 in 1891. The density, 347 persons per square mile, is largely above the District average. Land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 amounted to about 2 lakhs. A small limestone range, known as the Ganjo hills, runs nearly due south parallel to the Indus for about r4 miles. The
is compact in shape, and produces bajra , green gram, wheat, and cotton. It is irrigated wholly by canals.
(.
). — Head-quarters of Hyderabad District, Sind, Bombay, situated in 25 0 23' N. and 68° 25' E., on the North-Western Railway. Population: (1872)
43,088, (1881)
48,153, (1891) 58,048, and (1901) 69,378, including 4,588 in cantonments. Of the population in 1901, 24,831 were Muhammadans, 43,499 Hindus, and 710 Christians. The city ranks seventh in the Presidency in point of population. Upon the site of the present fort is supposed to have stood the ancient town of Nerankot, which in the eighth century submitted to Muhammad bin Kasim Sakifi. In 1768 the present city was founded by Ghulam Shah Kalhora; and it remained the chief town of Sind until 1843, when, after the battle of Miani, it surrendered to the British, and the capital was transferred to Karachi. The city is built on the most northerly hills of the Ganjo range, a site of great natural strength, 3^- miles east of the Indus, with which it is connected by the high road to Gidu Bandar. In the fort, which covers an area of 36 acres, are the arsenal of the province, transferred hither from Karachi in 186 r, and the palaces of the ex-Amirs of Sind. Besides 4 high schools with 1,319 pupils in 1903-4, Hyderabad con tains a training college for males with an attached technical class (r21 students), a normal class for females (3), a training college for mistresses (6), a midwifery school (3), an agricultural school (109), an engineering class (34), and a medical school (43). The total number of schools is 50, of which 6 are for girls. The city contains a civil hospital and a dispensary. Hyderabad is now plentifully supplied with water, which is pumped up from the Indus by powerful machinery, located on the river bank at Gidu. Thence the water passes along an aqueduct raised 011 masonry
3 2 2 HYDERABAD CITY arches, into two large reservoirs or depositing tanks, situated about 500 yards from the river bank, each capable of holding over 1,000,000 gallons. From these tanks the water flows by gravitation to within a short distance of the foot of the rocky plateau on which the fort is built; from here the water is pumped up into a tank inside the fort, whence it is distributed to the city and cantonments by gravitation. Hyderabad, as the historic capital of Sind, is the centre of all the provinckl communications—road, telegraphic, postal. From the date of its foundation (1768), its manufactures—ornamented silks, silver- and gold-work, and lacquered ware—have been the chief in the province, and during the last thirty years have gained prizes at the industrial ex hibitions of Europe. The garrison is composed of British and Native infantry, 2 batteries of artillery, and an ammunition column. The barracks are built in twelve blocks, with hospitals, bazar, &C., to the north-west of the city. The only noteworthy antiquities are the tombs of the Kalhora and Talpur rulers. The Residency, memorable for its gallant defence by Sir James Outram against the Baluchis in 1843, which was situated 3 miles from Hyderabad, no longer exists. The municipality was established in 1853, and had an average income during the decade ending 1901 of Rs. 2-2 lakhs. In 1903-4 the income and expenditure amounted to 2-7 and 2-8 lakhs respec tively. The chief sources of income are octroi (Rs. 1,30,000) and water rate (Rs. 22,000); and the chief heads of expenditure are general administration and collection of taxes (Rs. 39,000), public safety (Rs. 7,400), water-supply and drainage (Rs. 22,000), conservancy (Rs. 37,000), hospitals and dispensaries (Rs. 15,000), public works (Rs. 13,000), and education (Rs. 18,000). The income of the cantonment fund in 1903-4 was Rs. 43,000, and the expenditure Rs. 33,800. Download 5.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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