"impact of european union public procurement legislation on the albanian public procurement system" republika e shqip
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- 3.3.2.2 Grounds for exclusion and groups of economic operators/consortia
- 3.3.2.3 Mandatory grounds for exclusion and sub-contractors
- 3.3.2.4 Selection criteria
- 3.3.2.4.a Suitability to pursue the professional activity
- 3.3.2.4.b Economic and Financial Standing
2015 142 procurement procedure 534 . This article provides for the rights and obligations of the Contracting Authority and the economic operator. Taking into consideration the importance of the credibility of an economic operator that competes for a public contract, this article lists the conditions that this economic operator 535 should not meet, in order to be able to win a public contract. While article 13/3/a has the purpose of punishing those economic operators, which even though do not meet the legal requirements set out by the contracting authority, present false information in a procurement procedure, aiming to qualify and be awarded a public contract. Obviously, the purposes of these two articles differ from each other and they are to be implemented independently from each other. The fact that an economic operator has been disqualified from a procurement procedure, by the contracting authority, because of presenting false information, does not prohibit the Public procurement Agency to apply a punishment for the said economic operator and for the same breach. This economic operator may be excluded from the right of participating in procurement procedures for a given period of time. It should be understood that the difference stands in the motivation of the two involved institutions; The Contracting Authority disqualifies the economic operator because it does not meet the established criteria; while PPA referring to a wider public interest in the administration and ensuring a good-functioning procurement system excludes the economic operator because it has misinformed with the purpose of being qualified. Such position is based also in article 47 of the PPL, which states that the CA disqualifies, at any time up to the moment of declaring the winning contract, any candidate or bidder, who presents false data with the purpose of qualification. For the purpose of article 13, para 3 of PPL, the Contracting Authority reports all disqualification to PPA. Another discussion rising by the analysis of this article concerns the kind of measure in terms of time of exclusion. PPL provides for a period of exclusion from 1 to 3 years. The judicial practice demonstrates that there have been cases when the court has come to the conclusion that the economic operator has misinformed by submitting documents with false data and with changed content, with the purpose of aligning with the qualification criteria. Yet concerning the administrative measure to be taken, it concludes that it should be one year and not the maximum of three years. The reasoning has been that the minimal administrative measures do assure the enforcement of the law 536 . 534 Same position concerning article 45 of PPL is kept in Decision no. 7038, date 05.07.2012 of the First Instance Court of Tiranë, “Eurofab” Sh.p.k, v Public procurement Agency, with object: Suspending of application of administrative act no. 8217/8, dated 09.03.2012 of PPA until the closing of the judgment. Annulment of the administrative act, Decision no. 8217/8, dated 09.03.2012 of PPA, considering it a decision contrary to the law and not based on evidences. pg.8. 535 See article 45 of PPL. 536 See Decision no. 9725, dated 01.10.2013 of the First Instance Court of Tiranë, “H.E.L.D.I” sh.p.k, v Public procurement Agency, with object: Annulment of administrative act, decision no. 5677/4 Prot., dated 13.06.2012 of the Public procurement Agency; establishment of security measures for indictment Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 143 Interpretation of this provision concerning the time period of the administrative measure is to be done within the context and in the spirit of PPL as well as considering the circumstances and the conditions in which the breach has been committed. As the law provides for a period of time with a minimum and a maximum term, it means that the breach of a certain kind is not always of the same grade. Instead, it should be evaluated case by case depending on the circumstances, hence deciding the appropriate grade of punishment in order to enforce the law. For example, if the misinformation and submission of documents containing false data is a consequence of the fact that the document exists as such, but is not valid any more for fulfilling the criteria in a procurement procedure, the economic operator is to be considered in breach of the PPL provision and guilty, as it has already submitted the document. However, considering the fact that the economic operator has not taken any further step for altering the content of the document, but it has simply submitted a document, which is not valid any more, this might serve as a circumstance which supports a minimal punishment or even a medium punishment, but not the maximal one. In another situation, when the economic operator submits a document containing false information, confirmed also by the competent authority, which is pretended to have issued the document, such economic operator not only is in the conditions provided for by article 13/3/a of PPL, but it is in worse circumstances, as there has been an interference in the document, providing false information with the purpose of meeting the respective qualification criteria. This is a clear indicator that the economic operator lacks reputation and credibility, which are indispensable criteria to be met by economic operators for being awarded public contracts 537 . In such a case, considering all circumstances of the breach, the punishment should be proportional to the breach, and referring to the maximal term provided by law, otherwise the law would not be truly enforced. As such, PPL has a different approach from the Directive 2004/18 (and in this regard, is closer with Directive 2014/24 538 ), explicitly providing for situations when an economic operator may be excluded from the participation in all procurement procedures; competent authority for such a decision and period of time, such exclusion will be valid. Providing all this, seems that PPL is more concrete and stricter than Directive(s) and this is explained first, with the fact that differently from the Directive, it is a national law and second, with the national context where this law is applicable. 3.3.2.2 Grounds for exclusion and groups of economic operators/consortia The procurement rules do not explicitly provide whether the grounds for exclusion apply to each member of a group of economic operators/consortium. Anyway, since concerning the suspension of the application of the administrative act no. 5677/4, dated 13.06.2012 of the Public procurement Agency. pg. 9 537 See article 46/1/b of PPL. 538 See footnote no. 515 above. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 144 procurement rules refer to the ‘ground for exclusion of economic operators’ and “economic operators” may also be “groups of economic operators” 539 , a contracting authority would have to apply the grounds for exclusion to each member of a group of economic operators/consortium. Therefore, even if only one member of the group/consortium falls under one or more of these grounds for exclusion, it entails the exclusion of the whole group/consortium. 3.3.2.3 Mandatory grounds for exclusion and sub-contractors The procurement rules do not indicate whether the grounds for exclusion apply to sub- contractors as well. In fact, strictly speaking, the procurement rules apply only to the selection of the parties to the contract. In principle, there is nothing that precludes a contracting authority from requiring economic operators to propose sub-contractors that do not fall under any of the mandatory grounds for exclusion. If a proposed sub- contractor falls under one or more of the mandatory grounds for exclusion, it would not normally entail the exclusion of the economic operator as such but only the replacement of the proposed sub-contractor. 3.3.2.4 Selection criteria Aiming the successful performance of the procurement procedure, contracting authorities may decide some selection criteria, which should be met by the economic operators, to be qualified in the given procurement procedure. These criteria, aim at ensuring contracting authorities that economic operators, applying in the procedure, are legally, technically and financially able to successfully perform the contract. After the personal situation of the economic operators who have submitted a tender has been considered (has been confirmed that there are no grounds for exclusion), the selection criteria which may be used by a contracting authority to establish whether an economic operator is qualified to perform a specific contract, are the following: - Suitability to pursue the professional activity; - Economic and financial standing; - Technical and/or professional ability 540 . While setting the selection criteria, the contracting authority should respect the procurement principles 541 (which as analyzed above derive from the Treaty principles) 542 and in concrete: 539 See point 1.2.3.2 at Chapter I, above. 540 See article 46 of the PPL and respectively articles 44/1 and 58 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article 2014/24/EU. 541 See article 46 of the PPL and respectively articles 44/1 and 56 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article 2014/24/EU. 542 See point 4.1 in this Chapter. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 145 i) Equal treatment and non-discrimination The selection criteria must be objective. Criteria and evidence must be non-prejudicial to fair competition and non-discriminatory, especially on the grounds of nationality. Regardless of nationality, economic operators must be treated equally 543 . ii) Proportionality The principle of proportionality requires that any measure chosen should be both necessary and appropriate in the light of the objectives sought. In particular, the selection criteria to be applied must be proportionate to the size, nature and complexity of the contract. Also, the evidence requested must be only that which is strictly necessary to establish whether the set selection criteria are satisfied. The principle of proportionality is very important in the context of setting the selection criteria to be applied. Setting, for example, economic and financial standing criteria that are not necessary or are inappropriate may attract economic operators that, in practice, are not qualified or deter efficient economic operators from participation. This situation will produce misleading results in thus, depending on the nature of the contract, its complexity and size, a contracting authority may need to consider a wide range of factors and analyze various financial statistics, ratios and figures in order to assess the economic and financial standing of economic operators with regard to the contract to be awarded. iii) Mutual recognition The principle of mutual recognition requires an EU Member State to accept the products and services supplied by economic operators from another Member State. It must also accept the diplomas, certificates and qualifications required in another member state if these are recognized as equivalent. iv) Transparency To ensure a level playing field for all economic operators interested in a given public contract award procedure, the contracting authority must disclose in advance the selection criteria to be applied and the evidence to be submitted. This also permits stakeholders to check that the criteria and evidence requested are fair and non-discriminatory. 3.3.2.4.a Suitability to pursue the professional activity A contracting authority is allowed to check if economic operators are generally suitable and fit to carry out the professional activity to perform a given public contract. According to PPL, any economic operator is requested to prove its enrolment, as prescribed in his/her State of establishment, on one of the professional or trade registers to pursue the 543 These principles are directly related to the Treaty principles of freedom of establishment and of freedom to provide services, which aim at ensuring that intra- Community trade is not restricted. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 146 professional activity required by the contract to be awarded 544 . On the other hand, the Directives (both 2004/18 545 and 2014/24 546 ), except for the requirement for the economic operator to prove that they are enrolled on trade or professional registers in their Member State of establishment, in the case where no relevant register exists in these states, do allow economic operators to produce a declaration on oath or a certificate as described in relevant Annexes 547 . With regard to procedures for the award of public service contracts, if economic operators are obliged to obtain a particular authorization or to be members of a particular organization in order to perform the services concerned in their country of origin, a contracting authority may require them to prove that they hold such an authorization or membership 548 . The main difference of the PPL, in this regard, is that it does not provide for the possibility of ‘a declaration on oath’. In any case, according to PPL, the economic operators should submit the relevant documents to prove their suitability to pursue the professional activity, as required. This stricter requirement aims at preventing the untrue declarations and at ensuring the contracting authority that the economic operator, who has submitted an offer, is professionally suitable. Even though it is stricter and requires as much evidence as possible to ensure contracting authorities on the integrity of the economic operators, PPL, same as the Directive (s) 549 , does not require an economic operator established in another country to be enrolled on a trade or professional register in Albania before submitting an offer. In the context of the EU regime, this requirement would be in breach of the Directive itself but also of the principle of the freedom to provide services within the Community 550 . 3.3.2.4.b Economic and Financial Standing The specific economic and financial standing criteria must be aimed at assessing whether economic operators have adequate financial resources (throughout the contract period), as 544 See article 46/1/a of PPL. 545 See article 46/1 of Directive 2004/18/EC. 546 See article 58/2, para.1 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 547 Both Directives do provide in their relevant Annexes a list of registers and corresponding declarations or certificates for each EU Member State, in respect of works, supplies and services. See Annex IX A for public works contracts, in Annex IX B for public supply contracts and in Annex IX C for public service contracts of Directive 2004/18/EC and Annex XI of Directive 2014/24/EU. 548 See respectively articles 46/2 and 58/2, para. 2 of Directive 2004/18/EC and Directive 2014/24/EU. 549 See case C-74/09 Bâtiments et Ponts dhe WISAG Produktionsservice (Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) 18 October 2012). 550 See case C-71/92 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Spain [1993] ECR I-5923, where Court held that registration on an official list of the host state could also not be required. Also in case C-225-98 Commission of the European Communities v French Republic [2000] ECR I-7445, Court held that the condition imposed on tenderers by a French contracting authority to provide proof of registration with the French order of architects, is a restriction of their freedom to provide services. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 147 cash in hand, as a credit line or in any other way, to handle and complete the contract to be awarded. According to PPL, the contracting authority may require from the economic operator to prove they have the economic and financial capability to enter the contract. This may be proven by providing appropriate statements from banks or, where appropriate, evidence of relevant professional risk indemnity insurance; the presentation of balance-sheets or extracts from the balance-sheets; a statement of the undertaking's overall turnover and, where appropriate, of turnover in the area covered by the contract for a maximum of the last 3 financial years available, as far as the information on these turnovers is available 551 . Proof of the economic and financial standings of the economic operators, provided by PPL, are the same as those provided by Directive 2004/18 552 . Both acts do not indicate the criteria relating to economic and financial standing that a contracting authority may apply, but it contains a non-exhaustive list of evidence that a contracting authority may request from economic operators to prove that the economic and financial standing criteria that have been set are satisfied 553 . Thus, a contracting authority may derive some of the criteria that it may apply from this list of evidence (this is the case, for example, of the turnover criterion) 554 . However, a contracting authority may also apply other relevant criteria, which are not limited to the criteria that may be derived from this non-exhaustive list 555 . 551 See article 46/1/c of PPL. 552 See article 47/1 of Directive 2004/18/EC. New Directive 2014/24/EU, on the other hand, does not provide as a proof, statements from banks. See article 58/3 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 553 See case C-218/11 Észak-dunántúli Környezetvédelmi és Vízügyi Igazgatóság (Édukövízig), Hochtief Construction AG Magyarországi Fióktelepe, now Hochtief Solutions AG Magyarországi Fióktelepe v Közbeszerzések Tanácsa Közbeszerzési Döntőbizottság (Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) 18 October 2012). 554 Even according to PPL and secondary legislation on public procurement, these criteria (reflected in the list of the proofs), are not mandatory. It is on the decision of the contracting authority to appropriately choose which of them will apply. See articles 26/7, 27/5 and 28/4 of the Decision of Council of Ministers no. 914, dated 29.12.2014 “Rules on Public Procurement”. 555 See for example Joined cases 27-29/86 Constructions et Enterprises Industrielles (CEI) v Société Coopérative “Association Intercommunales pour les Autoroutes des Ardennes”, (1987) E.C.R. 3347. These cases concerned requests from the Belgian Council of State for a preliminary ruling on various issues relating to the interpretation of Directive 71/305 on public works, a predecessor to the Directive 2004/18/EC/EC. In these cases, one issue concerned a decision to reject CEI’s tender for work on a motorway. This rejection was based on a Belgian decree, which had established that tenders must be rejected where the total value of a contractor’s work in hand plus the value of the contract exceeded a prescribed maximum. One purpose of this provision was to prevent firms from overstretching themselves financially. CEI’s tender was rejected because it exceeded this limit. This rejection was challenged by CEI and certain questions on the matter were referred to the ECJ. One of the questions concerned whether a firm could be excluded because the value of its commitments exceeded the level set by the Belgian authorities. An issue considered by the ECJ was whether there was any limit to the contracting authority’s discretion to determine the nature of the criteria to be used in assessing financial and economic standing. The ECJ concluded that the Directive did not limit the criteria that could be applied in assessing financial and economic standing. In any event, the contracting authority must determine the criteria relating to Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system Download 5.49 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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