"impact of european union public procurement legislation on the albanian public procurement system" republika e shqip
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- Optional grounds for exclusion
- Self-cleaning
- Selection criteria
- 2015 240 otherwise’. As such, if PPL will ‘provide otherwise’, it should not be considered as not approximated.
Exclusion criteria The new directive, as well as the Directive 2004/18 928 , provides for mandatory and facultative criteria (conditions) for the exclusion of economic operators. As regarding the 924 See the analysis made in point 4.2.2, Chapter IV above. 925 See article 35 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 926 See article 54 of Directive 2004/18/EC. 927 Also Directive 2014/24/EU, differently from the Directive 2004/18/EC, has elaborated in the relevant article, which will be considered as admissible tender, and which will be considered as an irregular tender (see article 35/5). Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 235 mandatory grounds for exclusion, apart from the list provided by the Directive 2004/18, the new Directive has added ‘terrorist financing’ and ‘child labor as well as other forms of trafficking in human beings’ 929 . The obligation to exclude an economic operator applies also where the person convicted by final judgment is a member of the administrative, management or supervisory body of that economic operator or has powers of representation, decision or control therein. Additionally, one ground for exclusion, which is optional under Directive 2004/18 became a mandatory one in accordance with the new rules and in concrete, according to the new Directive, an economic operator should be excluded from participation in a procurement procedure where the contracting authority is aware that the economic operator is in breach of its obligations relating to the payment of taxes or social security contributions and where this has been established by a judicial or administrative decision having final and binding effect in accordance with the legal provisions of the country in which it is established or with those of the Member State of the contracting authority 930 . Directive 2014/24 includes in its list of explicit exclusions not only grounds for exclusion relating to professional qualities of economic operators, but also grounds of exclusion that are designed to ensure equal treatment 931 . Optional grounds for exclusion According to the new Directive, except for the optional grounds provided by Directive 2004/18, the following grounds may be used also by the contracting authorities to exclude economic operators 932 : - Where the contracting authority can demonstrate by any appropriate means a violation of applicable obligations referred to in Article 18 (2) of the directive (i.e. environmental, social and labor law established by Union law, national law, collective agreements or by the international environmental, social and labor law provision); - Where the contracting authority can demonstrate by appropriate means that the economic operator is guilty of grave professional misconduct, which renders its integrity questionable (new is a part of the provision linking misconduct with (lack) of integrity); - Where the contracting authority has sufficiently plausible indications to conclude that the economic operator has entered into agreements with other economic operators aimed at distorting the competition; - Where a conflict of interest within the meaning of Article 24 of the new directive cannot be effectively remedied by other less intrusive measures; 929 See the detailed analysis done at point 3.3.2.1.a, Chapter III, above. 930 See article 57/2 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 931 See further S. Arrowsmith “Law of Public and Utilities Procurement”, Volume 1, Third Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London 2014, para. 12-142. 932 A novelty of Directive 2014/24/EU is that it allows that a Member State may, however, make those grounds, all or some of them, mandatory (see article 57/4). Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 236 - Where a distortion of competition from the prior involvement of the economic operators in the preparation of the procurement procedure, as referred to in Article 40 (preliminary market consultations), cannot be remedied by other, less intrusive measures; - Where the economic operator has shown significant or persistent deficiencies in the performance of a substantive requirement under a prior public contract, a prior contract with a contracting entity or a prior concession contract, which led to the early termination of that prior contract, damages or other comparable sanctions; - Where the economic operator has undertaken to unduly influence the decision- making process of the contracting authority, to obtain confidential information that may confer upon it undue advantages in the procurement procedure or to negligently provide misleading information that may have a material influence on decisions concerning exclusion, selection or award; - Where the economic operator has breached obligations to pay taxes or social security obligations, - Where a mandatory exclusion has not been triggered by a formal judicial or administrative finding; - Has violated social/environmental/labor laws; - Is bankrupt/insolvent (though the contracting authorities may decide, or may be required by Member States, not to exclude the operator where it can be established that the operator will be able to perform the contract 933 ); - Has committed grave professional misconduct; - Has attempted to distort competition in various kinds of way; has significantly or persistently under-performed in previous public contract(s); - Has attempted to unduly influence the decision-making process; - Self-cleaning The New Directive 2014/24, on the other hand, is more flexible than even Directive 2004/18, regarding the obligation to provide evidences. It gives the possibility to the economic operators to provide evidence to the effect that measures taken by the economic operator are sufficient to demonstrate its reliability despite the existence of a relevant ground for exclusion (so called “self – cleaning”) 934 . Notwithstanding the existence of grounds for exclusion, any economic operator being in one of the situations referred to above as mandatory or optional grounds for exclusion may provide evidence 933 With regard to bankruptcy, the directive allows Member States to require or allow for the possibility that the contracting authority does not exclude an economic operator, which is in one of the situations referred to in that point, where the contracting authority has established that the economic operator in question will be able to perform the contract, taking into account the applicable national rules and measures on the continuation of business. 934 See article 57/6 of Directive 2014/24/EU. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 237 to the effect that measures taken by the economic operator are sufficient to demonstrate its reliability despite the existence of a relevant ground for exclusion. This is an entirely new solution under the directive. If such evidence is considered as sufficient, the economic operator concerned should not be excluded from the procurement procedure 935 . Also, in case of taxes and social security contributions, it gives the possibility to economic operators to fulfill their obligations by paying or entering into a binding arrangement with a view to pay the taxes or social security contributions due, including, where applicable, any interest accrued or fines 936 . The measures taken by the economic operators should be evaluated taking into account the gravity and particular circumstances of the criminal offence or misconduct. Where the measures are considered to be insufficient, the economic operator should receive a statement of the reasons for that decision 937 . The Directive at issue provides also that Member States must specify, by law, regulation or administrative provision, the implementing conditions for the mandatory exclusion. They shall, in particular, determine the maximum period of exclusion (subject to self- cleaning – see below) up to a maximum of 3 or 5 years (depending on the exclusion ground concerned). The choice here is whether to opt for the maximum exclusion periods allowed by the directive, or limit these to shorter periods 938 . As the new Directive has brought some novelties in this regard, PPL will need to be changed as well to implement such novelties. However, it should be noted that, as new Directive gives the possibility that all optional grounds for exclusion may be made mandatory grounds for exclusion (and PPL provides only for mandatory grounds for exclusion), the only change may be the transposition in the PPL of the new grounds for exclusion. In addition, regarding the new requirement of the Directive on determining the maximum period of exclusion (subject to self-cleaning – see below) up to a maximum of 3 or 5 years (depending on the exclusion ground concerned), PPL has already provided for such rule 939 . As per ‘self-cleaning’ possibility, before implementing it, the 935 For this purpose, the economic operator is obliged to prove that: It has paid or undertaken to pay compensation in respect of any damage caused by the criminal offence or misconduct, Clarified the facts and circumstances in a comprehensive manner by actively collaborating with the investigating authorities and Taken concrete technical, organizational and personnel measures that are appropriate to prevent further criminal offences or misconduct. 936 See article 57/2 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 937 There is, however, an exception to the obligation to accept as reliable the economic operator, who undertaken above mentioned (self – cleaning) measures. It is the case where an economic operator has been excluded by a final judgment from participating in procurement or concession award procedures; in such a case it is not be entitled to make use of the possibility provided for under this provision during the period of exclusion resulting from that judgment in the Member State where the judgment is effective. 938 See also H. J. Priess “The rules on exclusion and self-cleaning under the 2014 Public Procurement Directive” Public Procurement Law Review, 2014, 3, Sweet & Maxwell, London 2014, pg. 112-123. 939 See the analysis done at point 3.3.2.1, Chapter III, above. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 238 circumstances of application of such possibility should be carefully evaluated to avoid any possible abusive behavior from the economic operators 940 . - Selection criteria The new Directive makes it clear that qualification (selection of the economic operators) in procurement procedures may concern only the following elements: a) Suitability to pursue the professional activity; b) Economic and financial standing; c) Technical and professional ability. The contracting authorities are obliged to limit any requirements to those that are appropriate to ensure that a candidate or tenderer has the legal and financial capacities and the technical and professional abilities to perform the contract to be awarded. All requirements should be related and proportionate to the subject-matter of the contract. The new Directive (same as Directive 2004/18) 941 , except for the requirement for the economic operator to prove that they are enrolled on trade or professional registers in their Member State of establishment, in the case where no relevant register exists in these states, does allow economic operators to produce a declaration on oath or a certificate as described in relevant Annexes 942 . PPL, on the other hand, does not provide for the possibility of ‘a declaration on oath’. In any case, according to PPL, the economic operators should submit the relevant documents to prove their suitability to pursue the professional activity, as required. With regard to economic and financial standing, the contracting authorities may impose requirements ensuring that the economic operators possess the necessary economic and financial capacity to perform the contract. The difference of the new Directive (comparing with Directive 2004/18/EC) is that it does not provide as a proof statements from banks 943 . Furthermore, the new Directive (same as Directive 2004/18/EC) 944 provides in this regard for the possibility of an economic operator to rely on the resources of other entities to prove its economic and financial standing. Also, the Directive (s) at issue gives to the economic operator the possibility to prove his economic and financial standing by any other document, which the contracting authority considers appropriate, if, for any valid reason, it is unable to provide the references requested by the contracting authority as such 945 . The Albanian legislation, on the other hand, does not 940 See also discussion on European Single Procurement Document, above. 941 See article 46/1 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article 58/2, para.1 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 942 Both Directives do provide in their relevant Annexes a list of registers and corresponding declarations or certificates for each EU Member State, in respect of works, supplies and services. See Annex IX A for public works contracts, in Annex IX B for public supply contracts and in Annex IX C for public service contracts of Directive 2004/18/EC and Annex XI of Directive 2014/24/EU. 943 See article 47/1 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article 58/3 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 944 See article 47/2 and 3 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article 63 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 945 See article 47/5 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article 60/3 of Directive 2014/24/EU. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 239 explicitly provide for such possibilities. As discussed in Chapter IV, above, according to PPL, the only possibility for an economic operator to rely on the capacities of other entities is when they have a legal relation between them, as envisaged by the legislation on trade companies 946 . In all other cases, the economic operator should prove that it can fulfill by himself the required capacities 947 . With regard to the technical and professional ability, the contracting authorities may impose requirements ensuring that economic operators possess the necessary human and technical resources and experience to perform the contract to an appropriate quality standard. Regarding the required time for the past experience, the Directive 2014/24/EU, differently from Directive 2004/18/EC, which requires it for past five years 948 , does not provide such time limitation at all 949 . While PPL requires past experience during past three years. Possibility of requiring economic operators to supplement or clarify evidences. According to the new Directive, where information or documentation to be submitted by economic operators is or appears to be incomplete or erroneous or where specific documents are missing, the contracting authorities may, unless otherwise provided by the national law implementing this Directive, request the economic operators concerned to submit, supplement, clarify or complete the relevant information or documentation within an appropriate time limit, provided that such requests are made in full compliance with the principles of equal treatment and transparency 950 . PPL does not foresee at all the possibility of economic operators to supplement the already submitted documents. Implementation of those provisions will require changes in the Albanian PPL. However, while implementing these rules, PPL should also consider, which will be the necessary measures to prevent the untrue declarations and to ensure the contracting authority that the economic operator submitting an offer is professionally suitable, in case of self- declaration, and to prevent the possibility of mis-implementation of the rules from the contracting authorities, in case of accepting submission, supplement, clarification or completion of the relevant information or documentation within an appropriate time limit. It should be noted, however, that the latest situation is left somehow optional from Directive, providing that ‘national law implementing this Directive may provide 946 See articles 207, 208, 209 of the law no.9901, dated 14.04.2008 “On trade and trade companies”, as amended. 947 This stricter approach of PPL is reflected also at the condition of joint ventures among economic operators, applying in a procurement procedure. According to article 74 of the Decision of Council of Ministers No. 914, dated 29.12.2014 “On approval of the public procurement rules”, the members of the joint venture should fulfill proportionally with the percentage of their participation in the contract execution, all required capacities. As such, they cannot rely on capacities of other members of the joint venture. This stricter provision of the PPL, is explained with the need of the contracting authority to put insurance mechanisms for the satisfactory performance of the contract, related this with the legal and economic environment where this law is applied. 948 See article 58/2/a. 949 See article 58/4. 950 See article 56/3 of Directive 2014/24/EU. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system 2015 240 otherwise’. As such, if PPL will ‘provide otherwise’, it should not be considered as not approximated. - Contract award criteria The new directive introduces a number of significant changes with regard to the contract award criteria 951 . First of all, it does away, at least formally, with a distinction between the lowest price criteria and the criterion of the most economically advantageous tender. According to this Directive 952 , the contracting authorities shall base the award of public contracts on the most economically advantageous tender. The most economically advantageous tender from the point of view of the contracting authority is to be identified on the basis of the price or cost, using a cost-effectiveness approach, such as the life- cycle costing and may include the best price-quality ratio 953 . The best price-quality ratio should be assessed on the basis of criteria, including qualitative, environmental and/or social aspects, linked to the subject-matter of the public contract in question. The wording “may include the best price-quality ratio” seems to imply that the analysis of the best price - quality ratio is possible but by no means is it mandatory. Member States may provide that contracting authorities may not use price only or cost only as the sole award criterion or restrict their use to certain categories of contracting authorities or certain types of contracts. The analysis of this provision indicates also that the new concept of the most economically advantageous tender covers both situations: when the award is based on the number of criteria (former MEAT) as well as the lowest price (cost) only. Such conclusion seems to be confirmed also by the provision that the contracting authority shall specify, in the procurement documents, the relative weighting it gives to each of the criteria chosen to determine the most economically advantageous tender, except where this is identified on the basis of price alone. Secondly, the criteria which can be used when the contracting authority decides to award a contract on the basis of the best price quality ratio may comprise, for instance: a) Quality, including technical merit, aesthetic and functional characteristics, accessibility, design for all users, social, environmental and innovative characteristics and trading and its conditions; b) Organization, qualification and experience of staff assigned to performing the contract, where the quality of the staff assigned can have a significant impact on the level of performance of the contract; or c) After-sales service and technical assistance, delivery conditions such as delivery date, delivery process and delivery period or period of completion. 951 See generally P. B. Faustino “Award criteria in the new EU Directive on public procurement”, Public Procurement Law Review, 2014, 3, Sweet & Maxwell, London 2014, pg. 124-133. 952 See Article 67 of Directive 2014/24/EU. 953 See also article 68 of Directive 2014/24/EU. Impact of European Union public procurement legislation on the Albanian public procurement system Download 5,49 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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