In this article, the author face the analysis and assessment of strategies and translating procedures used in the translation into English the headlines of the Sierra Maestra online newspaper

1.4 Referential synonymy and cultural anysomorphisms on general and specialized translation in the translation of headlines.
Both referential synonymies as the presence of cultural anysomorphisms in translating titles pose a problem to the translator, either in journalism, in literary or audiovisual.
In the case of referential synonyms, the translator must be able to identify them and decide which one used in the translation process.
Here are some examples taken from the proposed annex by Virgilio Moya (2000, 199-213):

Geografical, Cultural or Simbolic Reference	Referencial Synonym
Rome Chipre Wall Street The White House Uncle Sam The Kremlim The Berlin Wall	Eternal City Aphrodita`s Island New York assess stock The Government or the Presidency of EEUU The Government of EEUU The Russian Government The Shame Wall

Regarding cultural anysomorphisms (nonexistent cultural realities in the target culture), the translator must decide during the translation process if they are exported to the target language or not. In case it is needed to replace any other element, one of the techniques or strategies is the most common translation explanatory translation. Here are some examples from a glossary prepared by the ESTI department of online translation in Havana, 2009.

DEVELOPMENT________________________________________

ISRI (Instituto Superior de Relaciones Internacionales) –Trad. High Institute of International Relations

CEAO (Centro de Estudios sobre África y Oceanía) –Trad. Center for Studies on Africa and Oceanía