Index and Concordance to Alexander Vassiliev’s Notebooks and Soviet Cables Deciphered by the National Security Agency’s Venona Project
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amendment to refuse to answer Congressional questions about his covert Communist links. He was subsequently fired by the U.N. 151
Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 77–78, 86–87, 92, 99; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 36; Venona Washington KGB, 43–44. ———————————
150. Albright and Kunstel, Bombshell. 151. U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, Activities of United States Citizens Employed by the United Nations (Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1953), 15.
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Schink, Frederick John: Garbled as E. F. Schink. Soviet intelligence contact/informant, via “Liberal”/Palmer prior to 1933. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 6. Schmidt, ?: Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1944, 682. Schmidt, Orris: Described as administrator working in U.S. occupation government of Germany on economic matters. (Alternative translation: Shmidt) Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 126. Schmoll, ?: Described as a German banker. Venona Washington KGB, 32. Schneider, ?: Described as an WPB official. Venona USA GRU, 132. Schocken, Thomas D.: OSS staff. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 110; Venona New York KGB 1944, 525-26, 779. Schoenfeld, Rudolf Emil: American diplomat. Venona New York KGB 1944, 15–16, 556–57. Scholtz, H.W.: Described as an American “specialist” at the “E. B. Badger” plant #3 in Kuybyshev Siberia, USSR. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 95. Schon, Hubert: Contact of Harold Glasser at some point. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 60. Schornsteinfeger: German project to develop radar absorbing materials for aircraft and U-boats. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 141. Schrader, Captain Albert Ernest: American naval officer. Venona USA Naval GRU, 342, 344. Schroeder, ?: Unidentified in London. Venona New York KGB 1944, 356. Schuirmann, Rear Admiral Roscoe Ernest: Director of Naval Intelligence in June 1944. Venona USA Naval GRU, 343. Schulberg, Seymour Wilson: OSS sergeant. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 110; Venona New York KGB 1944, 525-26, 779. Schultz, Father ?: Described as a pro-German priest in America. Venona New York KGB 1944, 684. Schultz, Marion Miloslavovich. Pro-Soviet dock worker in Philadelphia. Cover name in Venona: LAVA. As Schultz: Venona New York KGB 1944, 25, 678; Venona Special Studies, 40. As LAVA: Venona New York KGB 1944, 25–26, 676, 678; Venona Special Studies, 40. Schumacher, Kurt: Leader of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) after WWII and an anti-Communist. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 92–93. Schuman, Irving George: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Amadeo Sabatini (former KGB agent) in early 1950s told the FBI the he and Schuman had been assigned by his KGB superior, Joseph Katz, to surveil KGB defector Walter Krivitsky in 1939. 152 An entry in Vassiliev’s notebooks on “Veil” associates him with Katz and Sabatini. While suggestive, and Schuman is certainly a candidate for “Veil”, the evidence is not sufficient to conclude that Schuman was “Veil”. If “Veil”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 117, 176; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 109. Schuman, Robert: French Foreign Minister, 1948–1950. Vassiliev Odd Pages, 21. Schuster, ?: Described as executive officer of Telefunken, 1945. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 142. Schuster, Bernard: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Senior CPUSA cadre and liaison between the party and the KGB. 153
Cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Chester”, replaced with “Echo” (June 1943), “Jack” (December 1943), and “Friedman” (October 1944). Cover names in Venona: ECHO [EKHO and ĒKHO], SOUTH [YUG], and DICK [DIK]. As Schuster: Vassiliev Black
508, 513, 541, 549, 560, 579–81, 609, 626, 669, 680, 702, 745; Venona New York KGB 1945, 13, 56, 79, 129; Venona Special Studies, 23, 82. As “Chester”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 108, ———————————
152. Kern, Death in Washington, 319; FBI memorandum, “Existing Corroboration of Bentley’s Overall Testimony,” 6 May 1955, “FBI Silvermaster File 65–56402,” serial 4201; Vassiliev, Black, 176.
153. Identified by Elizabeth Bentley as assisting Jacob Golos’s covert work. Bentley, “Deposition 1945,” 45.
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151; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 10; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 23. As “Echo”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 65, 79, 126–28, 136; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 8, 53, 72, 75–76, 151; Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 31, 35–36, 38; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 68; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 8, 10–12, 23, 27. As “Jack”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 65. As “Friedman”: Vassiliev White Notebook #2 , 10. As ECHO [EKHO and ĒKHO]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 2, 21, 41–42, 47–48, 61, 159, 252, 265–66, 315–16, 319–20, 422, 451–52, 488, 500–03, 508, 512–13, 541, 548–49, 560, 579–81, 596, 608–09, 626, 745; Venona New York KGB 1945, 12–13, 55–56, 79, 129; Venona Special Studies, 23, 77 (misspelled as Shuster), 82–83. As SOUTH [YUG]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 579–81; Venona Special Studies, 83. As DICK [DIK]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 393, 573, 575, 581, 608, 625–26, 669, 680, 702, 744–45, 756; Venona Special Studies, 23, 83. Schuyler, Cortlandt Van R.: U.S. Army general, chief of American mission in Romania in 1945. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 122. Schwartz, Bert David: OSS staff. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 110; Venona New York KGB 1944 525-26, 779. Schwartz, Emanuel: Target of recruitment. Mathematician who had worked at the Manhattan atomic project facility at Los Alamos. Parents born in Russia and naturalized in Canada. Also known as E. Shagam. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Domby”. As Schwartz: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 42–43. As “Domby”: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 43. Schwartz (or Shwartz), Milton: Likely a Soviet intelligence source/agent, GRU. Cover name in Venona: MATVEJ. As Shwartz: Venona USA GRU, 130. As Schwartz: Venona USA GRU, 122. As MATVEJ: Venona USA GRU, 119–20, 122, 130. Schwartz, Thomas: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Described as a former German Consul. Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “James”. As Schwartz: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 11, 15. As “James”: Vassiliev Black Notebook, 4, 15, 34, 36–39; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 19. Schwellenbach, Lewis: U.S. Secretary of Labor, 1945–1948. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 40; Venona Washington KGB, 40. Scientific Research and Development, Office of: See Office of Scientific Research and Development. SCO [SSHO]: Sekretno-Shifroval'nyj Otdelenie – Secret Cipher Office. Venona New York KGB 1944, 474.
“Scott” [Skott] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Arthur Wynn in Great Britain, 1944. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 107. Scott, Helen: see Keenan, Helen Grace Scott. Scott, John: Soviet intelligence source/agent. Also known as John Scott Nearing, Jr. Cover name in Venona: IVANOV. The son of radical writer Scott Nearing, he never publicly admitted CPUSA membership but was an organizer for the CPUSA’s Trade Union Unity League in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He migrated to the USSR in 1932 and worked for much of the decade in Magnitogorsk, created under Stalin’s five-year plans to be the Soviet Union’s premier steel making city. He returned with a Russian wife and in 1942 published Behind the Urals: An American Worker in Russia’s City of Steel. 154
As Scott: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 13, 27, 29, 33; Venona New York KGB 1943, 345; Venona New York KGB 1945, 86–87; Venona Special Studies, 30. As IVANOV: Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 13, 27, 31, 33; Venona New York KGB 1943, 344–45; Venona New York KGB 1945, 86–87; Venona Special Studies, 30. Scott, Mrs. John: See Mariya Ivanovna Dikareva. “Scott” [Skott] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): John Reynolds, 1943–1945. Vassiliev White
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154. John Scott, Behind the Urals: An American Worker in Russia’s City of Steel ([Boston]: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942), 248.
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Scott, Walter (cover name in Venona): Venona analysts believed this to be the pseudonym of Walter Stennes. The basis of the conclusion, however, is unclear. Venona New York KGB 1944, 209, 249; Venona New York KGB 1945, 115–16. “Scout” [Skaut] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Joel Barr prior to September 1944. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 110, 117; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 55, 110–11, 114–15. SCOUT [SKAUT] (cover name in Venona): Joel Barr. Venona New York KGB 1944, 75, 255, 463; Venona Special Studies, 68, 174. Scouts: See “Lazutchiki”. Scoville, Dixie: Wife of Simon Krafsur. Venona New York KGB 1944, 186. “Screw” [Vint] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Victor Hammer, 1940s-1960s. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 101–2, 107, 150–52. SCREW [VINT] (cover name in Venona): Unidetified Soviet internal security source, SGPC. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 74; Venona Special Studies, 16. Scriagin, ?: Soviet diplomat in Washington, 1945. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 30. Scribners Commentator (journal): Venona New York KGB 1943, 222. Scripps-Howard: American newspaper chain. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 99; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 58; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 11, 118. S.C.S.: Secret Cipher Section, Soviet. Venona New York KGB 1944, 492; Venona USA Diplomatic, 60. SD: Abbreviation for U.S. State Department. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 89; Vassiliev White
48–49, 65, 71. Seaborg, Glen: Physical chemist, Nobel prize winner. Senior scientist on the Manhattan atomic project.
Seafarers International Union. Seaman’s union affiliated with the AFL and strongly anti-Communist. Venona New York KGB 1943, 258 (poorly broken messages, reference unclear); Venona New York KGB 1944, 401. “Seal” [Tyulen'] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Konstantin Umansky. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 25. SEAL [TYULEN'] (cover name in Venona): Konstantin Umansky. Venona New York KGB 1943, 279, 327; Venona New York KGB 1944, 398; Venona Special Studies, 72. “Seaman” [Moryak] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent, 1943. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 117. SEAMAN [MORYAK] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent. Venona New York KGB 1943, 7, 113; Venona New York KGB 1944, 467, 503; Venona Special Studies, 49, 108.
Seamen's Intelligence Directorate: Razvedyvatel'noe Upravlenie Moryakov, i.e., Naval GRU. Venona New York KGB 1945, 96. Sears, Roebuck and Co.: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 64; Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 118. Sears Woods company: Reference to Sears, Roebuck and Co., headed by General Robert E. Wood.
Sebastian, Georgy Karlovich: Hungarian-born German citizen, a musical conductor who worked in Hollywood and the USSR, mid-1930s. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 7–8. SEBEZH (cover name in Venona): Unidentified American city. Venona USA GRU, 46–47. Seborer, Max. Communist closely associated with Isadore Needleman. Brother of Oscar and Stuart Seborer. Likely candidate for the Soviet intelligence contact “Relative.” Seborer, Oscar. Served in the U.S. Army’s Special Engineering Detachment at Los Alamos during WWII. Gained a Master’s of Science in Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1948 and employed by the Department of the Navy in technical positions from 1948 to 1951. In July 1951 he went to the Soviet Union and appears to have
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remained there permanently. Brother of Max and Stuart Seborer. Likely candidate for the Soviet intelligence contact “Godsend.” Seborer, Stuart J. Born Solomon Jacob Seborer. Statistician, attended CCNY. Commissioned as a U.S. Army officer from CCNY ROTC. Worked for the Security and Exchange Commission and the U.S. Treasury. During wartime Army service he rose to the rank of Captain and earned a Silver Star. After the war he worked in various War Department research posts. In July 1951 he moved permanently to the USSR and under the pen name Stuart Smith authored US Neocolonialism in Africa (Progress Publishers, 1974). Brother of Oscar and Max Seborer. Likely candidate for the Soviet intelligence contact “Godsend.” Sechkin, ?: Soviet intelligence source/agent. An engineer for Torpedo Corp. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 6.
Second International: International association of non-Communist Socialist and Social Democratic parties and movements. Venona New York KGB 1943, 84. “Second” [Vtoroy] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent, early 1930s. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 1, 4. SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER [BUKINIST] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent. Venona New York KGB 1944, 190, 244, 436, 473; Venona Special Studies, 15. Secret Cipher Office, Section, or Department: See SSHO [SCO]. Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, also known as MI6): See British Secret Intelligence Service. Secret Service, U.S.: Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2, 70. Secret Writing: Reference to letters with hidden messages, such as some form of invisible ink. Secretary of War, U.S.: Cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Bomb”, circa 1944. Cover name in Venona: BOMB [BOM]. Citations to the Secretary under his personal name, see Henry Stimson. As “Bomb“: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 115. As BOMB [BOM]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 522; Venona Special Studies, 13. “Secretary” [Sekretar] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Described as ? Hoover, very probably Herbert Hoover but possibly J. Edgar Hoover, part of “Transatlantica”. Vassiliev Black
Security Service, British (also known as MI5): See British Security Service. SED: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party of Germany). Ruling Communist party of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). A product of the 1946 forced merger of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany with the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD). Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 59–61, 63, 65–67, 87. SEDAR [CEDAR] (cover name in the Venona decryptions): Borton Perri (Venona analysts thought this possibly a reference to a Burton Perry or to Ralph Barton Perry, Jr.). Venona San Francisco
“Sedov” (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer, San Francisco, early 1940s. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 107, 179; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 135. Sedov, Lev: Son of Leon Trotsky. Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 39. Sedova-Trotsky, Natalya Ivanovna: Widow of Leon Trotsky. Cover name in Venona: OLD WOMAN [STARUKHA]. As Sedova Trotsky: Venona New York KGB 1943, 132, 330; Venona New York KGB 1944, 144, 164, 198, 400, 623 (as Trotskij); Venona Special Studies, 69. As OLD WOMAN [STARUKHA]: Venona New York KGB 1944, 143–44, 162–64, 197–98, 398, 40; Venona Special Studies, 69. Seeger, Charles: Musical folklorist. From 1935 to 1953 he held positions in the federal government's Resettlement Administration, Works Projects Administration (WPA), and Pan American Union,
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including serving as an administrator for the Works Projects Administration Music Project. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 78. SEGEJ (cover name in Venona): Error for SERGEJ. See SERGEJ. Venona New York KGB 1944, 608. Segre, Emilio: Italian-born physicist and senior scientist on the American atomic bomb project, later a Nobel laureate. Venona New York KGB 1944, 694; Venona Special Studies, 153. Segre, Mario: Naturalised Argentinian of Italian birth. (cover name in Venona): MARIO. A Communist and journalist. As Mario and Mario Segre: Venona New York KGB 1943, 117, 119; Venona Special Studies, 46. “Sekretar” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Secretary”. Seldes, George: Journalist and secret Communist. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 164; Vassiliev White
Selevich, ?: Unidentified. Venona New York KGB 1943, 76. Selian, Bedrig: Secretary General of the CPUSA-linked Armenian Progressive League of America and editor of Lraper, its Armenian language newspaper. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 258. SELIM KHAN [ZELIM KHAN and ZELIMKHAN] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet intelligence officer/agent, later KAHN. Venona New York KGB 1944, 190–91, 236, 263–64, 281–82, 404, 508, 606; Venona Special Studies, 29. SELIT... (Partial decoding of a name in Venona): Unclear if a real name or cover name. Associated with South America. Venona New York KGB 1943, 202–4. Seller, Richard: Described as secretary to Congressman Hugh DeLacy. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 99. SELLI and SĒLLI [SALLY] (cover name in Venona): Francia Yakilnilna Mitynen. Venona USA Naval GRU, 157, 182, 187–88, 196, 224, 234, 256, 306. “Selo” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Village”. SELO [VILLAGE] (cover name in Venona): Venona analysts were unsure if this were the cover name of a place on entity in Mexico or simply a reference to an unnamed small town in Mexico. Venona New York KGB 1943, 170, 196. SELYAN (cover name in Venona): Venona analysts were unsure if this were a unidentified cover name or a real name. If a real name, they suggested Bedrig Selian as a candidae. Venona New York
“Sem” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Sam”. SĒM [SAM] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified in Washington in 1945. Venona Washington KGB, 3, 4.
SEM [SAM] (cover name in Venona): Soviet intelligence source/agent in California in 1944. Described as the elder brother of CEDAR. CEDAR was identified as “Borton Perri” (possibly Barton Perry or Ralph Barton Perry, Jr.). Venona San Francisco KGB, 74, 81, 96; Venona Special
SEM' [SEVEN] (cover name in Venona): ? Trakhtenberg. Venona San Francisco KGB, 260; Venona Special Studies, 115. Semen ?: Friend of Armand Victorovich Hammer at the Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages. Vassiliev White Notebook #2, 112. SEMEN (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Senior Soviet intelligence officer at Moscow KGB headquarters. Many of the messages to or from SEMEN deal with internal security matters relating to Soviet ship crews. Venona New York KGB 1944, 349–50, 358–61, 394, 410–11, 416, 419, 421, 433, 440, 442, 448, 457, 460, 479, 486, 508–9, 529, 534, 536, 555, 617, 629, 657, 670–71, 676–77, 710–11, 723, 735, 761; Venona New York KGB 1945, 4–5, 81–82, 96, 102, 137, 162; Venona San Francisco KGB, 2–3, 57, 109–14, 121, 123, 125, 132, 139, 141–42, 144, 149, 151, 153, 155–56, 160–61, 164–67, 174, 179, 182, 184, 187, 189–93, 198–202, 204–5, 207, 209–10, 213–14, 217–20, 230–31, 236, 240–43, 246, 249–50, 252–54, 257–58, 260–61, 265–66, 271–75, 278–80, 283, 286, 294, 298, 302–3, 306–7, 310; Venona Special Studies, 115. “Semen” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Simon”.
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Semenov, Nikolaj Aleksandrovich: Soviet ship crew. Venona San Francisco KGB, 241. Semenov, ?: Soviet intelligence courier. Venona San Francisco KGB, 127. SEMENOV (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet ship internal security source. Venona San
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