Information collection & exchange

4.34 Demonstrative adjectives/pronouns compared 
Demonstrativ
o

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adjective + noun: I don't like this coat 
adjective + one: I don't like this one 
ronoun: I don't like this 
ratives used as pronouns normally refer to things, not people: 
hat's this/that? What are these/those? 
as pronouns after Who? Refer to people: 
ho's this? Who's that? 
ple/men/women/children? 
 wish to go now may do so quietly. 
n uses of 'this/that' and 'these/those' 
re these/those yours? Yes, they are. (Not *Yes, these/those are*) 
She's/He's in charge here. 
p
Demonst
I found this wallet. I found this. (pronoun) 
I know this girl. (this cannot stand on its own here) 
Demonstrative pronouns after What? Refer to things: 
W
This and that
W
These and those referring to people are followed by a (plural) noun. Compare What are 
these/those? (i.e. things) with: 
Who are these/those peo
But those, closely followed by who, can be used on its own: 
hose (of you) who
T
4.35 Commo
This/that/these/those used as adjectives or as pronouns have many different uses. For examples 
[>App 7]. 
4.36 Subject pronouns replacing demonstratives 
Demonstratives are replaced by it or they in short responses when the thing or things referred to 
have been identified [compare > 13.19n.7]: 
Is this/that yours? Yes, it is. (Not * Yes, this/that is*) 
A
He/she can replace this/that when the reference is to people: 
This/That is Mrs/Mr Jones. 
Figur
epri
e 7.11 From
rammar by L.G. Alexander Longman Group Limited, 1988. 
nted by permission.
this ref
"this" and 
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ave been 
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there are 
lots of examples. 
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he primary use of 
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sked you questions. (By the way, if you are 
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you can explain to students that native 
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problems. You can't teach from it. That is not its purpose. A 
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ish speakers is probably beyond the English abilities of your 
 Longman English G
R
If you have 
"that" by refe
erence grammar and you are teaching "This is a _," you can find out about 
the indicated sections. Sections 4.33-4.36 of the Longman English Grammar h
re 7.11 to show you the sorts of information you can expect to find. Note that 
 Using a referen
rammar 
T
a reference grammar is for your own instruction, either before you approach a
es
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in c]ass, or after students have a
e
a ked questions you can't immediately answer, 
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y answer questions about their la
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B
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rammar to class has its
ritten in English for Engl

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students, and if you
r them. A 
reference grammar
and in a contest 
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very cogently indeed to convince students that the 
ook might be wron . 
ummary 
his chapter discus
s
ts of several approaches to language teaching:
Grammar Transl ti
Direct Method an
Communicative 
also discusses ways to deal with the teaching of grammar in class. You can satisfy your students' 
emands for direct
mar activities 
t spending most of your class time explaining grammar rules 
nd doing grammar
eachers can mak
mars to clarify their understanding of grammar topics which 
ppear in their sylla u
. Reference grammars may also be used as a supplement to 
xtbooks and clas
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