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Uncountable nouns (Sanalmaydigan otlar)


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Uncountable nouns (Sanalmaydigan otlar)

  • Sanalmaydigan otlar deb donalab sanashimiz mumkin bo’lmagan otlarga aytiladi. Sanaldigan otlar bir xil shaklga ega, shunga ko’ra ular faqat birlik shakldagi fe’llar bilan keladi.

The water is cool. (Suv sovuq)

  • Sanalmaydigan otlar bilan biz: much, little, a little, a lot of, amount of aniqlovchilaridan foydalanishimiz mumkin.

There is much water in the mug. (Ko’zada ko’p suv bor.)
I have got a little time. (Menda ozgina vaqt bor.)
My brother has a lot of money. (Akamda ko’p pul bor.)



  • Biz sanalmaydigan otlarni quyidagi ma’noviy guruhlarga bo’lib o’rganishimiz mumkin.




1. Oziq – ovqat, material va metallar, ta’biiy sifatlarni nomlovchi otlar

Oziq – ovqat

Material va metallar

Ta’biiy sifatlar

Bread

Non

Copper

mis

-ness ga tugovchi so’zlar

Cake

Tort

Cotton

paxta

Darkness

qorong’ulik

Chocolate

shokolad

Grass

o’t maysa

Heaviness

og’irlik

Meat

go’sht

Iron

temir

Brightness

charog’onlik

Spaghetti

makaron

Rayon

sellulosa

Foolness

axmoqlik

Spinach

ismaloq

Steel

po’lat

Lightness

yorug’lik

Butter

saryog’

wood

taxta

- scene tugovchi so’zlar

Cheese

pishloq







luminescene

chaqnash













Adolescene

yoshlik

2. Suyuqliklar, gazlar va juda mayday qismdan iborat jismlarni nomlovchi otlar

Suyuqliklar

Gazlar

juda mayday qismdan iborat jismlar

Coffee

kofe

Air

havo

Barley

arpa

Milk

sut

Carbone dioxide

Karbon oksidi

Rice

guruch

Oil

Yog’

Smoke

tutun

Sugar

shakar

Tea

choy

oxygen




Popcorn

bodroq

Water

suv













3. Tillarning nomlari, -ing bilan tugovchi otlar, -ity va -ance bilan tugovchi otlar

Tillarning nomlari

-ing bilan tugovchi otlar,

-ity va -ance bilan tugovchi otlar

Arabic

Arab

Clothing

kiyim

Beauty

chiroy

English

Ingliz

Dancing

raqs

Equality

Tenglik

Chinese

Xitoy

Hiking

Sayr

Serenity

osudalik

French

Fransuz

Studying

O’qish

Ignorance

ahamiyat

Japanese

Yapon

Lightning

Yorug’lik

Importance

muhimlik

Welsh

Uels

Trying

Harakat

Verbosity

sergaplik







Waiting

Kutish

Sanity

sog‘lomlik







Smoking

chekish

happiness

Baxt













selfishness

Xudbinlik













peace

tinchlik













obsolescence

Toliqish

  1. Boshqa tillarda sanaladigan ko‘pgina otlar ingliz tilida sanalmaydigan otlar sirasiga kiradi

Advice

maslahat

information

ma’lumot

progress

progres

anger

jahl

laughter

kulgi

publicity

oshkoralik

applause

qarsaklar

leisure

bo‘sh vaqt

rubbish

chiqit, ortiqcha

baggage

bagaj

luck

omad

safety

xavfsizlik

behavior

fe’l atvor

luggage

bagaj

violence

zo‘ravonlik

cash

naqd pul

melancholy

melanxoliya

weather

ob havo

chaos

xaos

money

pul

moonlight

oy nuri

chess

shahmat

news

yangiliklar

mud

balchiq

Conduct

xulq atvor

permission

ruxsat

music

musiqa

damage

zarar

photography

fotografiya

harm

zarar

dirt

iflos

poetry

she’riyat

hospitality

mehmondo‘stlik

furniture

mebel

garbage

axlat










  • Sanalmaydigan otlar o‘lchanganda yoki tasnif qilinganda (turlarga, sinflarga bo‘linganda), ularning ko‘pchiligidan oldin of, piece, bit, item so‘zlari kelishi mumkin. Boshqa shularga o‘xshash so‘zlar ham, sanalmaydigan otlarning ayrimlari bilan qo‘llanishi mumkin:

a slice of bread, cake, meat – (bir bo‘lak (parrak) non, pirog, go‘sht)
a bar of chocolate, candy,soap – (bir bo‘lak shokolad, konfet, sovun)
a sheet of paper, ice – (bir varaq qog‘oz, bir bo‘lak muz)
a blade of grass, wheat – (bir maysa, bug‘doy poyasi)
a grain of rice, barley, wheat – (bir dona guruch, arpa, bug‘doy)
a lump of coal, sugar – (bir bo‘lak ko‘mir, qand)
a bit of paper, metal, wood – (bir parcha qog‘oz, metal, yog‘och)
a piece of , cake, wood –(bir bo‘lak qog’oz paper oz, pirog, taxta)


OTLARDA KO‘PLIK FORMASINI HOSIL QILISH (PLURAL FORMS)

  • Ingliz tilidagi aksariyat otlarning ko‘plik shakli to‘g‘ri yo‘l bilan yasaladi. Otning birlik shakliga -s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shilib, uning ko‘plik shakli hosil qilinadi.

boy – boys book – books pencil – pencils

  • Agar so’z -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -tch, -x, -z, harflari bilan tugagan so‘zlarning ko‘plik shakli -es qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish yo‘li bilan yasaladi.

bunch – bunches - o‘ram/bog‘(lar)
patch – patches - bo‘lak/parcha(lar)
fox – foxes - tulki(lar)
dress – dresses – ko’ylaklar

  • Eslatma: “o” harfi bilan tugovchi ko‘pgina so‘zlarga –s qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi, biroq quyidagi otlarning ko‘plik shaklini yasash uchun -es qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish lozim bo‘ladi:

Echo - aks-sado - echoes - aks-sadolar
embargo - embargo - embargoes - embargolar
hero – qahramon - heroes - qahramonlar
Negro – habash - Negroes - habashlar
potato - kartoshka - potatoes- kartoshkalar
tomato pomidor - tomatoes - pomidorlar
torpedo - torpeda - torpedoes - torpedalar
veto - veto - vetoes - vetolar

  • Ba’zi otlarga ko‘plik qo‘shimchasi qo‘shilganda muayyan imlo o‘zgarishlari yuz beradi. So‘z oxirida undoshdan keyin kelgan “y” harfi “i”ga aylanadi va –es qo‘shiladi:

Baby - go‘dak
city - shahar
study - o‘qish
babies - go‘daklar
cities - shaharlar
studies - o‘qishlar

  • Ba’zi otlar oxiridagi -f yoki -fe ko‘plik qo‘shimchasi (-s/-es) qo‘shilgach ves ga aylanadi:

calf - buzoq - calves - buzoqlar –
elf -elves - elflar
half - yarim - halves - yarimlar
hoof - tuyoq - hooves yoki hoofs - tuyoqlar
knife - pichoq - knives - pichoqlar
leaf - barg - leaves - barglar
life - hayot - lives - umrlar
loaf - buxanka - loaves - buxankalar
relief – qutilish – reliefs - ko‘plikda kam ishlatiladi
self - o‘zi - selves - o‘zlari
shelf - javon - shelves - javonlar
thief - o‘g‘ri) - Thieves - o‘g‘rilar
wife - rafiqa - wives - rafiqalar
wolf - bo‘ri - wolves - bo‘rilar
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