International conference on bioinformatics of genome regulation
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Key words: modeling, microbial communities, horizontal gene transfer Motivation and Aim: Bacteriophages are known to be one of the driving forces of bac- terial evolution. Besides promoting horizontal gene transfer between cells, they may induce directional selection (for instance, according to more or less resistance of cells to phage infection). However, the impact of phages on metabolic evolution and formation of community trophic structure remains obscure. Spatial organization of the environ- ment is another factor that is crucial for a bulk of processes in the corresponding micro- bial community including its evolution and infection patterns. We have simulated and analyzed a series of computer models of microbial communities evolving in spatially distributed habitats under the pressure of phage infection. Methods and Algorithms: We used a multilayer simulation tool HEC 3D [1] taking into account genetic, metabolic, cellular, population, and ecological levels of community organization. It simulates both high-level (cellular chemotaxis and diffusion, substrates flow and diffusion) and low-level (mutations, horizontal gene transfer, gene regulation and metabolism) processes allowing combining various mathematical modeling ap- proaches (agent-based modeling, differential equations, automata etc.) in one model. Results: We modeled evolving microbial communities living in spatially distributed aquatic habitats characterized by a nutrient gradient. We varied time and location of initial phage infestation as well as switched chemotaxis on and off. Simulations have shown that phage infection decreases the speciation rate by more than one order as far as intensified selection blocks the origin of novel viable populations/species, which could carve out potential ecological niches. The dependence of speciation rate on the invasion node location varied on the invasion time corresponding to different stages of commu- nity formation. Conclusion: Our study has shown that phage infection affects evolution of microbial community slowing down speciation caused by gene loss and horizontal gene transfer of metabolic genes and stabilizing the system as a whole [1]. This influence varied in its magnitude depending on spatially-ecological factors as well as community state at the moment of phage invasion. Acknowledgements: The study has been partially funded by the RFBR grant 150703879 and Budget Project 0324-2015-0003. References: 1. Klimenko A.I., Matushkin Yu.G., Kolchanov N.A., Lashin S.A. Bacteriophages affect evolution of bacterial communities in spatially distributed habitats: a simulation study // BMC Microbiology, 2016, Vol. 16 (Suppl. 1), No.1, p. 31 131 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY HAPLOID EVOLUTIONARY CONSTRUCTOR 3D: A FRAMEWORK FOR MULTILAYER MODELING OF SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES A.I. Klimenko, Yu.G. Matushkin, Z.S. Mustafin, A.D. Chekantsev, R.K. Zudin, S.A. Lashin* Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: lashin@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: modeling, microbial communities Motivation and Aim: Next-generation ecological modeling approaches are based on the principles of emergence, predictability and structural realism [1]. Nowadays it becomes clear that to make reasonable ecological models it is necessary to take into account not only species interrelations but also their microevolution and organisms’ response to environment heterogeneity and its dynamic nature. It also tends to use functional types rather than taxonomical units in ecological models. We find microbial communities to be promising objects to manifest the power of such next-generation approaches. On the one hand, a community is a strictly localized spatially distributed structure where spatial localization of cells of different functional types determines the variety its metabolic functions. On the other hand, microevolution of microbes runs relatively fast and may be observed in both natural and experimental conditions [2]. Methods and Algorithms: In this study, we present a software package Haploid Evolu- tionary Constructor 3D (HEC 3D) [3] designed for modeling and simulating spatially distributed multispecies microbial communities. The HEC 3D specifies a model on sev- eral layers of biological organization, namely, on genetic, metabolic, cellular, popula- tion, and ecological ones. Using HEC 3D one may combine various mathematical mod- eling approaches (agent-based modeling, differential equations, automata etc.) in one model to simulate such processes as cellular chemotaxis, substrates flow and diffusion, mutations, horizontal gene transfer, gene regulation, reproduction and metabolism. We provide the import of SBML models into the HEC 3D model (metabolism layer) as well as the graphical user interface and high-performance calculations on various platforms. Results: Several already published HEC 3D models (for example, in [3]) show the close interrelations between evolutionary and ecological processes occurred in microbial com- munities, where spatial organization of a community may predetermine the evolutionary scenarios manifesting during its whole lifetime. Conclusion: HEC 3D allows building comprehensive models of microbial communities taking into account both high-level and low-level processes. Availability: http://evol-constructor.bionet.nsc.ru Acknowledgements: The study has been partially funded by the RFBR grant 150703879 and Budget Project 0324-2015-0003. References: 1. V. Grimm, U. Berger (2016) Structural realism, emergence, and predictions in next-generation eco- logical modelling: Synthesis from a special issue, Ecological modelling, 326: 177-187. 2. R. Kassen (2014) Experimental evolution and the nature of biodiversity (Roberts). 3. A.I. Klimenko et al. (2016) Bacteriophages affect evolution of bacterial communities in spatially distributed habitats: a simulation study, BMC Microbiology, 16: 31. 132 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY MONOTROPA HYPOPITYS WHOLE GENOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCING DATA E.Z. Kochieva*, E.V. Gruzdev, A.V. Beletsky, A.M. Mazur, A.V. Shchennikova, O.V. Shulga, M.A. Filyushin, V.V. Kadnikov, A.V. Mardanov, N.V. Ravin, K.G. Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia * Corresponding author: ekochieva@yandex.ru Key words: parasitic plants, pinesap, genome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, NGS Monotropa hypopitys L. (Monotropaceae), commonly known as pinesap, is a flowering perennial non-photosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant depending on carbon compounds obtained via fungus linkages to autotrophic host plants. М. hypopitys can be a plant mod- el to study the transition to parasitism that is accompanied by complex morphological and developmental changes, including loss of photosynthetic ability and the emergence of specific functions required for host interaction. Here we present the data on the whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing using high throughput GS FLX pyrosequencing and Illumina technology. M. hypopiys genome se- quencing result in 281 million reads (86 GB), after primer trimming, quality trimming and paired-end reads merging. The estimated genome size is about 2,5 Gb. M. hypopitys transcriptome sequencing result in a total of 103 million high quality sequencing reads after primer and quality trimming. Transcriptome was assembled into 98350 unigenes ranging from 201 to 12993bp in length. 37977 unigenes were annotated in the TrEMBL protein database using predicted protein sequences and 38419 unigenes were annotated in the Swiss-Port database using blastx. Out of these, 34385 unigenes were assigned to gene ontology categories. M. hypopitys chloroplast genome reveals dramatic reduction to 34,8 kbp in size and extensive gene order rearrangement. cpDNA contains only 40 intact genes of ribosomal apparatus and tRNAs. All genes related to photosynthetic activity are absent or became pseudogenes. Genome-wide characterization of micro RNA resulted in identification of 55 members belonging to 40 families of known miRNAs and 17 putative novel miRNAs unique for M. hypopitys. Computational screening revealed 206 potential mRNA targets for known miRNAs and 31 potential mRNA targets for novel miRNAs. The predicted target genes were found to be involved in a broad range of metabolic and regulatory pathways. The identification of novel M. hypopitys-specific miRNAs suggests their recent evolutionary origin and participation in highly specialized regulatory mechanisms fundamental for non-photosynthetic biology of M. hypopitys. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant 14-24-00175. 133 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ANAEROBIC RESPIRATORY COMPLEX II AND THE FLAGELLAR MOTOR A. Koganitsky 1 *, T. Dadosh 2 , V. Kiss 1 , M. Eisenbach 1 1 Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 2 Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel * Corresponding author: anna.koganitsky@weizmann.ac.il Key words: modeling, flagellar motor E. coli is well equipped for living in rapidly changing conditions of its natural ecosys- tem: it has flagella that enable it to move and navigate in nutrient-poor environments, and when oxygen is limited, it has the ability of switching to anaerobic respiration, using fumarate reduction for making energy. Recently it was discovered that there is a crosstalk between the fumarate reduction system (FRD) and flagellar motility: during fu- marate respiration the flagellar motor operates in different mode. Our results reveal that the two systems communicate via physical interaction between their protein components and shed light on the molecular mechanism by which FRD controls the output of the fla- gellar motor. Moreover, super-resolution microscopy enabled imaging and quantitative analysis of FRD proteins interacting with the flagellar motors in-vivo. 134 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY VIRTUAL BIOLOGY – THE FOUNDATION F.A. Kolpakov 1, 2 1 Institute of Systems Biology Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Design Technological Institute of Digital Techniques SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: fedor@biouml.org Key words: systems biology, virtual biology Motivation and Aim: Mathematical models of many biological systems and their parts are being intensively developed now. Titles for many of many of them (or embracing projects) highlight they implication to virtual world: virtual cell, virtual liver, virtual physiological rat, virtual physiological human, virtual patient, etc. Whether we can try to cover all these projects by one term? Results: Yes, virtual biology is a good candidate for this purpose. So here we introduce the concept of virtual biology. It’s ultimate goal is building of virtual world inhabited with math- ematical models providing precise portrait modeling of biochemistry and physiology of living organisms of real world. To define precise meaning of virtual biology we are developing a top level ontology using MediaWiki technology. Wiki technology allows a community to refine and maintain the ontol- ogy to represent a consensus view. The core of all systems -ology sciences are mathematical models that should reproduce dynamics of corresponding biological systems. Thus virtual biology can be considered as an umbrella for systems -ology sciences: systems biology, systems physiology, systems medicine, systems pharmacology. Roughly they correspond: - systems biology - virtual cell; - systems physiology - virtual human and physiological models of other high eukaryote organism, for example virtual rat; - systems medicine, systems pharmacology - virtual patient. One of the key points of virtual biology is automated building of mathematical models us- ing information from specialized biological databases and high throughput technologies. The use of multiple ontologies for defining components and subcomponents of models could allow them to be compared and integrated to form composite models in an automated manner. The most suitable approach to simulate virtual organisms in virtual world is agent based modeling. BioUML platform provides the most essential possibilities needed for virtual biology: - automated building of mathematical models (for example virtual cell) using information from specialized biological databases and high throughput experiments; - different simulation approaches (ODE, ADE, stochastic modeling) as well as composite modeling; - parameters estimation to fit some model to experimental data, particularly it allows to personalize physiological models and create physiological avatars for virtual world; - agent based modeling to simulate virtual organisms in virtual world. Availability: http://wiki.biouml.org/index.php/Category:Virtual_biology References: 1. Z.S. Syed et. al. (2008) Wikitology: Using wikipedia as an ontology. In: Proc. of 2 international confer- ence on Weblogs and Social Media. 2. BioUML platform – http://wiki.biouml.org 3. http://virtual-biology.org 135 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY WHEATDB2: PLANT TRAIT DATABASE AND INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON CROP ONTOLOGY TERMS E.G. Komyshev 1 *, M.A. Genaev 1 , A.V. Akushkina 2 , D.A. Afonnikov 1, 3 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: komyshev@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: extreme climatic conditions, database, plant selection, crop, ontology Motivation and Aim: Extreme weather conditions such as hot summer or cold winter frequent in many regions of Russia and have a negative impact on crop yields. Increasing grain yields can be achieved by identifying those plant varieties which are most suitable for cultivation in certain target areas. Thereby a systematic collection of data on the gen- otypes and phenotypes of plants in different climatic conditions is required. This requires developing integrated databases that collect large scale data on phenotype, genotype and environment. An effective approach to solve this problem is to use ontology terms together with a detailed documentation of an experimental protocol to fix important in- formation such as a condition and location of the experiment, used measurement tools. We present a database of specific plant traits based on Crop Ontology ontology terms [1] with a reference to genetic data: varieties/lines, genetic markers, sequences. Methods and Algorithms: The basic structural unit of the database structure is the “ex- periment” that combines information on the protocol of the experiment, its conditions, measurement tools, methods and participants. Experiment data types can be bound to the terms of ontology Crop Ontology. As a database management system was selected the MongoDB [2] that allow to represent a variety of flexible data structure in single database. Results: A user can save the data in structures in a way which is convenient for him. The data can be selected from a number of various experiments and used for comparative analysis to identify the most suitable crop for cultivation in certain climatic conditions. Conclusion: A proposed database structure is suitable for storing information such as a condition and location of the plant breeding experiment, used measurement tools. Availability: Wheatdb2 system is available at http://pixie.bionet.nsc.ru/wheatdb2 Acknowledgements: The work supported by RFBR grants №16-37-00304, №16-34- 00688 and budget project № 0324-2015-0003. References: 1. Shrestha R. et al. (2010) Multifunctional crop trait ontology for breeders’ data: field book, annotation, data discovery and semantic enrichment of the literature, AoB plants, 2010: plq008. 2. Chodorow K. (2013) MongoDB: the definitive guide, In: O’Reilly Media, Inc. 136 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF TRANSLATIONAL IMPORTANCE OF MAMMALIAN MRNA SEQUENCE FEATURES BASED ON RIBO- AND MRNA-SEQ DATA Yu.V. Kondrakhin 1, 2 , R.N. Sharipov 1, 2 , O.A. Volkova 3 * 1 Design Technological Institute of Digital Techniques SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 BIOSOFT.RU, Ltd, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: ov@bionet.nsc.ru Key words: mammalian mRNAs; translation efficiency; ribosome profiling; Ribo-Seq; mRNA-Seq; lncR- NAs; regression analysis; discriminant analysis Motivation and Aim: Ribosome profiling technology (Ribo-Seq) allowed to highlight more details of mRNA translation in cell and get additional information on importance of mRNA sequence features for this process. But in spite of the progress in study of translation process, there are still many open questions regarding to mRNA and non- coding RNA nucleotide sequence features and influence of that features on translation efficiency (TE). The goal of our study was to assess the influence of mRNA sequence features on translation process. In particular, (1) their ability to discriminate between translated RNAs and lncRNAs; (2) their influence on discrimination between high- and low-translated mRNAs; (3) their relationships with TE. Methods and Algorithms: We assessed the translational importance of mRNA sequence features with the help of statistical analysis of Ribo- and mRNA-Seq data derived from public databases. 14 translationally important features (10 known from literature as well as four proposed by the authors) were used in analysis. ТЕ values for each transcript were computed as lg(TE) = lg((R1/L1)/(R2/L2)), where R1 – Ribo-Seq read counts for transcript, L1 – length of transcript CDS, R2 – mRNA-Seq read counts for transcript, L2 – length of transcript; R1, R2 ≥ 10. To convert ТЕ values onto a common scale for all considered subsamples, we used the following normalization: lg(TE) - mean(lg(TE)), where mean(lg(TE)) was arithmetical mean within the individual subsample. Discrimi- nant analysis has been used for comparison of protein-coding RNAs and lincRNAs as well as for comparison of protein-coding RNAs with high and low TE. Discriminant and regression analyses have been used to study relationships between these mRNA features and TE. Results: (1) Statistical classification models that discriminated protein-coding and long non-coding RNAs with high accuracy were built. (2) The studied mRNA features were able to discriminate high- and low-translated mRNAs with good accuracy. (3) Built re- gression models demonstrated that all features were significantly related to TE. (4) Four novel mRNA features proposed by us, namely complementarity index (CI) [1, 20], CI[- 15, 1], motif CAAGAA in [3, 103], and motif CCGCCA in [-100, 0] were found to be useful along with known features for discrimination between mRNAs and lincRNAs as well as for description of TE. Availability: Tool for analysis is available in the frames of the BioUML platform (http:// www.biouml.org). Acknowledgements: Supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (№14-04- 01284). 137 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY MACROEVOLUTIONARY AND EXPERIMENTAL ASSAYS OF FITNESS LANDSCAPES F. Kondrashov Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain * Corresponding author: fkondrashov@gmail.com Key words: evolution, fitness landscape, genotype Why do some genotypes lead to fit phenotypes while others do not? More importantly, is it possible to create a set of rules that can predict which genotypes will confer phe- notypes of high fitness? The answer to these questions may lie in our ability to experi- mentally describe the fitness landscape, which is a representation of the fitness state of all genotypes. In my talk I will focus on three things. First, I will review the evidence obtained by numerous computational studies of the character of the fitness landscape of individual genes that span macroevolutionary timescales. Second, I will review recent data from our lab, as well as from other researchers, on the experimental quantifica- tion of local fitness landscapes, or the fitnesses of very similar genotypes. Finally, time permitting, I will describe recent results of a long-term experiment that documents the fitness states of genotypes of a specific gene from baker’s yeast incorporating various amino acid states that match states found in orthologous sequences. 138 THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS OF GENOME REGULATION AND STRUCTURE\SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IT ANALYSIS OF CORNEA ENDOTHELIUM TRANSPORT ABILITY IN CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS AFTER HYPOTHERMIC CONSERVATION A.A. Konev 1 , I.G. Palchikova 1 , I.A. Iskakov 2 , L.E. Katkova 3 , G.S. Baturina 3 , E.I. Solenov 3 * 1 Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering SB RAS 2 Multidisciplinary Science and Technology Complex “Eye Microsurgery” named after S.N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia * Corresponding author: eugsol@bionet.nsc.ru Download 3.91 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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