Introduction 3

CHAPTER II. METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

2.1. Traditional methods of teaching foreign languages Grammar-translation method.

According to this method, ownership language is knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. The process of improvement is understood as a movement from one grammatical scheme to another. Thus, a teacher planning a course on this method first thinks about what grammar schemes he wants to cover. Then, texts are selected for these topics, from which individual sentences are singled out, and everything ends with a translation. First - from a foreign language to the native, then - vice versa. As for the text, it is usually the so-called artificial text, in which practically no meaning is given to the meaning: it is not so important what you say, it is important how you say it. Some adherents of this method (G. Ollendorf) believed that the texts of the textbook should be chosen so that their content repels rather than attracts students, because. when learning a language, it is important to learn grammar, and not the text, which serves only as an illustration of it. It was only in the 1960s that foreign benefits began to penetrate the USSR. As for the English language, these are the famous textbooks of Hornby and Eckersley. And in 1965, our "Bonk" appeared - a textbook, according to which, for all its shortcomings, more than one generation, at the very least, mastered English. The main disadvantage is, of course, that the traditional method creates ideal conditions for the emergence of the so-called language barrier, since a person in the learning process stops expressing himself and begins not to speak, but simply combine words through certain rules. This method of learning foreign languages dominated until the end of the 50s and was practically the only one with which everyone was taught.
However, despite some well-deserved complaints, the traditional method has a number of advantages: it allows you to learn grammar at a very high level; the method is good for people with highly developed logical thinking, for whom it is natural to perceive the language precisely as a set of grammatical formulas.
The modern lexico-grammatical technique is aimed at teaching the language as a system. First of all, four basic language skills - not only speaking and listening, but reading and writing. Therefore, much attention is paid to the analysis of texts, writing presentations and essays. In addition, everyone should learn the structure and logic of a foreign language, be able to correlate it with their native language, understand what are their similarities and differences. This is impossible without a serious study of grammar and without the practice of two-way translation.
natural method. The essence of the natural method was to create the same conditions and apply the same method when teaching a foreign language as in the natural assimilation of the native language by a child. Hence the name of the method: natural, or natural. The most prominent representatives of this method were M. Berlitz, F. Gouin, M. Walter, and others. The most popular among them is M. Berlitz, whose courses and textbooks were distributed in Europe and the USA and for some time in Russia and the USSR. The main goal of learning with the natural method is to teach students to speak a foreign language. Proponents of this method proceeded from the premise that, having learned to speak, students can read and write in the target language, even without being taught the technique of reading and writing.
The history of foreign language teaching methods knows numerous and varied attempts to find the most rational method of teaching foreign languages. The most ancient was the natural method, which was no different from the method by which a child is taught his native language. A foreign language was mastered by imitation of ready-made samples, by repeated repetition and reproduction of new material by analogy with the studied one. The natural method, pursuing purely practical goals - teaching, above all, the ability to speak and read a light text - for a long time satisfied the needs of a society in which the productive knowledge of a foreign language was the privilege of its upper strata. With the emergence of schools and the introduction of a foreign language into them as a general educational subject, at first they also tried to teach the language by the natural method, but it was soon replaced by the translation method.