II. Прочитайте текст без словаря и изложите его содержание на русском языке.
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the state of Illinois and the largest in the Midwest. With a population of nearly 3 million people, the city is the third largest in the United States. Chicago has a total area of 234.0 square miles (606.1 km²).
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837. It rapidly became a major transportation hub, as well as the business, financial, and cultural capital of the Midwest. The political environment in Chicago in the 1910s and 1920s allowed organized crime to flourish. Gangsters such as Al Capone and others brought international notoriety to the city.
The city is the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank.
to flourish - процветать
notoriety - слава
III. Устная тема.
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА» (РУТ (МИИТ)
РОАТ
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ЗАЧЁТНЫЙ БИЛЕТ №14
по дисциплине
«Иностранный язык»
(английский)
Экономические направления подготовки и специальность
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УТВЕРЖДАЮ
Зав. кафедрой
Маслова М.В.
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I. Прочитайте и переведите текст со словарём.
David Ricardo
David Ricardo (1772–1823) was born in London. By the age of 26, he had become a wealthy stock market trader, and bought himself a seat in the British parliament's House of Commons. His best known work contains his critique of barriers to international trade and a description of the manner in which income is distributed in the population. Ricardo made a distinction between workers, who received a wage fixed to a level at which they could survive, the landowners, who earn a rent, and capitalists, who own capital and receive a profit.
If population grows, it becomes necessary to cultivate additional land, whose fertility is lower than that of already cultivated fields, because of the law of decreasing productivity. Therefore, the cost of the production of the wheat increases, as well as the price of the wheat: the rents increase also, the wages, indexed to inflation (because they must allow workers to survive) as well. Profits decrease, until the capitalists can no longer invest. The economy, Ricardo concluded, is bound to tend towards a steady state.
British parliament's House of Commons – Палата общин британского парламента
“On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation” – his best known work
fertility - производительность
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