«Исследование о природе и причинах богатства народов»

II. Прочитайте текст без словаря и изложите его содержание на русском языке.


Euro
The euro (€, EUR) is the official currency of member states of the European Union. These states are known collectively as the Euro zone.
The euro was established by the provisions in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty on European Union that was used to establish an economic and monetary union. The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency in 1999 and launched as coins and banknotes on 1 January 2002. It replaced the former European Currency Unit (ECU).
The euro is divided into 100 cents (sometimes referred to as euro-cents).

European Currency Unit (ECU) – европейская валютная единица (экю)

Maastricht treaty – Маастрихтский договор
(договор о создании Европейского союза)

III. Устная тема.

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА» (РУТ (МИИТ) РОАТ	ЗАЧЁТНЫЙ БИЛЕТ №9 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) Экономические направления подготовки и специальность	УТВЕРЖДАЮ Зав. кафедрой Маслова М.В.
I. Прочитайте и переведите текст со словарём. Karl Heinrich Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, sociologist and revolutionary credited as the founder of communism. Karl Marx was born in Prussia as the third of his parents’ seven children. Marx’s parents had him educated at home until the age of thirteen. After graduating from the Gymnasium, Marx enrolled in the University of Bonn; he wished to study philosophy and literature, but his father insisted that it was more practical to study law in the University of Berlin. In 1867 the first volume of «Capital» was published, a work which analyzed the capitalist process of production. Here, Marx elaborated his labor theory of value and his conception of surplus value. Volumes II and III were published posthumously by Engels. Karl Heinrich Marx – Карл Генрих Маркс volume – том, книга labour theory of value – трудовая теория стоимости (ценности) surplus value – прибавочная стоимость posthumously – после смерти автора Engels – Энгельс